Figure 2. Genetic dissection of the KIN peptide activities.

(a) Effects of 10 μM peptides on 10-day-old mutant SAMs. Scale bars, 50 μm. (b) Effects of peptides on 10-day-old mutant stele width. The purple bars indicate simultaneous treatment of 10 μM CLV3 and 10 μM CLE41. Data represent mean values±s.d. with asterisks, indicating a significant difference from mock treatment in each genetic background in two-tailed Weltch's t-test (P<0.05, n=12–16, see Supplementary Data 1 for individual sample sizes). (c) Effects of 10 μM peptides on 10-day-old clv2-101 leaf veins. Cyan and violet lines indicate the vein and xylem strand, respectively, in the upper panels. It is noteworthy that both CLE41 and KIN treatment caused formation of veins without xylem strands. Lower panels are the magnification of veins. In CLE41- and KIN-treated plants, xylem strands with helical cell walls disappeared and narrow undifferentiated cells are observed. Scale bars, 200 μm. (d) Schematic representation of KIN bioactivity pathways. KIN exerts all the activities of CLV3 and CLE41 examined in this study, which are dependent or independent of CLV1 and CLV2 as indicated. Photos in a and c are representatives among three or more biologically independent samples.