Table 2.

Material properties of the three inner layers of the vocal fold.

Layer	Property
	ρ (g/cm3)	Ep (kPa)	νp	Epz (kPa)	νpz	Gpz (kPa)	η (poise)
Cover	1.043	2.01	0.9	40	0.0	10	5
Ligament	1.043	3.31	0.9	66	0.0	40	7.5
Body	1.043	3.99	0.9	80	0.0	20	12.5

ρ is the tissue density; E_p and E_pz are the transversal and longitudinal Young’s Modulus, respectively; ν_p and ν_pz are the in-plane transversal and longitudinal Poisson ratio, respectively; G_pz is the longitudinal shear modulus; η is the damping ratio (Alipour et al., 2000; Xue et al., 2012).