Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with severe, acute respiratory infection with and without laboratory‐confirmed influenza, Jingzhou, China, April 5, 2010 to April 8, 2012
| Characteristicsa | Confirmed Influenza (n=1774) (%) | Negative for Influenza (n=12 705) (%) | P‐value b | Total (n=15 354)c (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms at hospital admission | ||||
| Cough | 1157 (65) | 7205 (57) | <.05 | 8836 (61) |
| Sore throat | 401 (23) | 3531 (28) | <.05 | 4098 (27) |
| Rhinorrhoea | 323 (18) | 1748 (14) | <.05 | 2192 (14) |
| Sputum production | 135 (8) | 1089 (9) | .173 | 1304 (9) |
| Dyspnoea | 39 (2) | 556 (4) | <.05 | 642 (4) |
| Vomiting | 69 (4) | 721 (6) | <.05 | 859 (6) |
| Diarrhea | 28 (2) | 540 (4) | <.05 | 609 (4) |
| Abdominal pain | 27 (2) | 186 (2) | .849 | 228 (2) |
| Signs at hospital admission | ||||
| Temperature (T, °C) | ||||
| T<36.0 | 0 | 6 (0.05) | <.05 | 7 (0.05) |
| 36.0≤T<37.0 | 251 (14) | 2071 (6) | 2460 (16) | |
| 37.0≤T<38.0 | 373 (21) | 3048 (24) | 3624 (24) | |
| 38.0≤T<39.0 | 676 (38) | 4461 (35) | 5459 (36) | |
| T≥39.0 | 474 (27) | 3119 (25) | 3804 (25) | |
| Abnormal breath sounds on auscultation | 537 (30) | 3799 (30) | .751 | 4579 (30) |
| Tachypnea | 1 (0.1) | 25 (0.2) | .361 | 29 (0.2) |
| Pneumonia Diagnosis | ||||
| Clinically diagnosed as pneumonia at hospital admission | 238 (13) | 1911 (15) | .071 | 2291 (15) |
| Clinically diagnosed as pneumonia at hospital admission and chest radiograph performed | 195/238 (82) | 1623/1911 (85) | .227 | 1938/2291 (85) |
| Radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia | 161/195 (83) | 1401/1623 (86) | .154 | 1674/1938 (86) |
| Chest radiograph performed at hospital admission and during hospitalization | 807 (46) | 5600 (44) | .262 | 6841 (45) |
| Radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia | 246/807 (30) | 2188/5600 (39) | <.05 | 2583/6841 (38) |
| Clinical laboratory findings | ||||
| Leucopeniad | 165/1525 (11) | 557/11 055 (5) | <.05 | 777/13 299 (6) |
| Leukocytosise | 282/1525 (19) | 3657/11 055 (33) | <.05 | 4188/13 299 (31) |
| Anemiaf | 269/1520 (18) | 2313/11 014 (21) | <.05 | 2748/13 250 (21) |
| Elevated erythrocyte Sedimentation rateg | 66/158 (42) | 641/1086 (59) | <.05 | 777/1349 (58) |
| C‐reactive protein >8 mg/L | 117/476 (25) | 1431/3397 (42) | <.05 | 1622/4040 (40) |
| Treatment | ||||
| Received antibiotics before hospital admission | 670/1343 (50) | 4529/9831 (46) | <.05 | 5490/11 802 (47) |
| Received antibiotics during hospitalization | 1750 (99) | 12 461 (98) | .097 | 15 056 (98) |
| Received corticosteroids during hospitalization | 164 (9) | 1591 (13) | <.05 | 1880 (12) |
| Received oseltamivir during hospitalization | 2 (0.1) | 21 (0.2) | 1.000 | 23 (0.1) |
| Supplemental oxygen required | 16 (0.9) | 183 (1.4) | .086 | 216 (1) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.05) | .324 | 5 (0.1) |
| Admitted to ICU | 1 (0.1) | 18 (0.1) | .722 | 21 (0.1) |
| Complications | ||||
| Neurologic disorders | 3 (0.2) | 11 (0.1) | .241 | 20 (0.1) |
| Respiratory failure | 1 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | 1.000 | 10 (0.1) |
| Cardiac failure | 1 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | 1.000 | 14 (0.1) |
| Hepatic dysfunction | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.01) | .117 | 7 (0.1) |
| Clinical course, median days (IQR) | ||||
| From illness onset to hospital admission | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | .860 | 2 (1–3) |
| From hospital admission to discharge or death | 5 (3–6) | 5 (3–6) | .936 | 5 (3–6) |
| Clinical outcome | ||||
| Died during hospitalization | 0 | 3 (0.02) | .221 | 3 (0.02) |
| Died within 30 d after discharge | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.03) | .480 | 5 (0.03) |
ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
Data presented as no. (%) of patients unless otherwise indicated. Denominators for testing of fewer cases than full group are indicated. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. Data only include patients who provided specimens for influenza virus testing.
The P‐values are comparisons between “pediatric SARI patients with confirmed influenza infection” and “pediatric SARI patients without influenza infection”, and statistically significant as P<.05.
There were 875 (6%) patients without NP/OP collection.
Defined as a reduction in the circulating WBC count to <4000/μL.
Defined as a reduction in the circulating WBC count to >10 000/μL.
Defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin in grams per liter (Hb<110 g/L).
Raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate defined as >20 mm/h.