Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of pediatric severe, acute respiratory infection patients with laboratory‐confirmed influenza with and without radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia in Jingzhou, China, April 5, 2010 to April 8, 2012
| Characteristics of influenza patientsa | Case patients with pneumonia (n=246) (%) | Case patients without pneumonia (n=561) (%) | P‐value b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms at hospital admission | |||
| Cough | 209 (85) | 341 (61) | <.05 |
| Sore throat | 48 (20) | 111 (20) | .928 |
| Rhinorrhoea | 40 (16) | 103 (18) | .472 |
| Sputum | 43 (18) | 56 (10) | <.05 |
| Dyspnoea | 19 (8) | 11 (2) | <.05 |
| Vomiting | 4 (2) | 25 (5) | .062 |
| Diarrhea | 0 | 11 (2) | .022 |
| Abdominal pain | 0 | 8 (1) | .115 |
| Signs at hospital admission | |||
| Temperature (T, °C) | |||
| T<36.0 | 0 | 0 | <.05 |
| 36.0≤T<37.0 | 51 (21) | 100 (18) | |
| 37.0≤T<38.0 | 62 (25) | 124 (22) | |
| 38.0≤T<39.0 | 82 (33) | 202 (36) | |
| T≥39.0 | 51 (21) | 135 (24) | |
| Abnormal breath sounds on auscultation | 154 (63) | 191 (34) | <.05 |
| Tachypnea | 1 (0.4) | 0 | .305 |
| Clinical laboratory findings | |||
| Leucopeniac | 14/228 (6) | 60/493 (12) | <.05 |
| Leukocytosisd | 42/228 (18) | 85/493 (17) | .753 |
| Anemiae | 50/229 (22) | 80/492 (16) | .070 |
| Raised erythrocyte sedimentation ratef | 16/33 (49) | 28/72 (39) | .355 |
| C‐reactive protein>8 mg/L | 24/94 (26) | 34/154 (22) | .533 |
| Influenza virus type/subtype | |||
| Influenza B | 101 (41) | 237 (42) | .753 |
| A(H1N1)pdm09 | 46 (19) | 88 (16) | .290 |
| A (H3N2) | 99 (40) | 236 (42) | .642 |
| Treatment | |||
| Received antibiotics before hospital admission | 112/177 (63) | 217/411 (53) | <.05 |
| Received antibiotics during hospitalization | 245 (100) | 558 (100) | .811 |
| Received corticosteroids during hospitalization | 35 (14) | 54 (10) | .055 |
| Received oseltamivir during hospitalization | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | .517 |
| Supplemental oxygen required | 4 (2) | 6 (1) | .503 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1 (0.4) | 0 | .131 |
| Complications | |||
| Neurologic disorders | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | .517 |
| Respiratory failure | 1 (0.4) | 0 | .305 |
| Cardiac failure | 1 (0.4) | 0 | .305 |
| Hepatic dysfunction | 1 (0.4) | 0 | .305 |
| Clinical course, median days (IQR) | |||
| From illness onset to hospital admission | 3 (1–5) | 2 (0–3) | <.05 |
| From hospital admission to discharge or death | 6 (5–8) | 5 (3–6) | <.05 |
| Died during hospitalization | 0 | 0 | − |
| Died within 30 d after discharge | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 1.000 |
ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
Data presented as no. (%) of patients unless otherwise indicated. Denominators for testing of fewer cases than full group are indicated. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. Data only include patients with specimens for influenza virus testing.
The P‐values are comparisons between “pediatric influenza patients with pneumonia” and “pediatric influenza patients without pneumonia”, and statistically significant as P<.05.
Defined as a reduction in the circulating WBC count to <4000/μL.
Defined as a reduction in the circulating WBC count to >10 000/μL.
Defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin in grams per liter (Hb<110 g/L).
Raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate defined as exceed up limit as 20 mm/h.