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. 2014 Feb 6;4(1):129–154. doi: 10.3390/nano4010129

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Live-cell apoptosis imaging for NIR irradiation of Pt(IV)-probe UCNPs@SiO₂ (15 µM) incubated cells: (a) schematic illustration of NIR light activation of platinum(IV) prodrug and intracellular apoptosis imaging through upconversion nanoparticles; (b) A2780 cells; and (c) cisplatin resistant A2780cis cells. (blue: DAPI (4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole); green: Annexin V; red: Cy5.) Quantitative flow cytometric analysis of (d) A2780 and (e) A2780cis cells treated with different concentrations of Pt(IV)-probe UCNPs@SiO₂ (10, 15 and 20 µM, respectively) and 1 h NIR irradiation. Cells treated with Ac-DEVD (Aspartic acid-Glutamic acid-Valine-Aspartic acid)-CHO (20 µM) inhibitor and NIR irradiation of cells without Pt(IV)-probe UCNP incubation were used as controls. Adapted with permission from reference [102]. Copyright: John Wiley and Sons, 2013.