Table 2. Descriptive statistics of the subjects and comparison of the items and scores between Hungary and Germany.
Only p < 0.003 were considered as significant (highlighted in bold). Effect sizes considered at least as 'small' are highlighted in bold.
| Hungary | Germany | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | P | chi2 | |||
| Breed | Mixed-breed | 174 | 29.4% | 918 | 40.2% | <0.001 | 23.1 | |
| Purebred | 417 | 70.6% | 1365 | 59.8% | ||||
| Sex and neuter status | Intact male | 152 | 25.8% | 546 | 23.9% | <0.001 | 23.7 | |
| Intact female | 137 | 23.2% | 467 | 20.5% | ||||
| Neutered male | 105 | 17.8% | 627 | 27.5% | ||||
| Neutered female | 196 | 33.2% | 643 | 28.2% | ||||
| Keeping conditions | Indoor | 282 | 47.7% | 1510 | 66.9% | <0.001 | 73.7 | |
| Outdoor too/only | 309 | 52.3% | 748 | 33.1% | ||||
| Training | No formal training | 243 | 41.3% | 658 | 28.8% | <0.001 | 33.6 | |
| Basic | 177 | 30.1% | 831 | 36.4% | ||||
| Special | 169 | 28.7% | 794 | 34.8% | ||||
| Owner gender | Man | 64 | 10.9% | 183 | 8.0% | 0.03 | 4.8 | |
| Woman | 525 | 89.1% | 2100 | 92.0% | ||||
| Children | No | 315 | 70.9% | 1348 | 59.0% | <0.001 | 22.1 | |
| Yes | 129 | 29.1% | 935 | 41.0% | ||||
| N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | P | F | Eta Squared | ||
| Age of the dog (years) | 589 | 4.63 (3.22) | 2282 | 5.56 (3.42) | <0.001 | 35.38 | 0.012 | |
| Age at acquiring (in months) | 590 | 7.61 (14.95) | 2283 | 5.82 (11.34) | <0.001 | 10.12 | 0.004 | |
| Age of the owner (years) | 588 | 35.3 (11.95) | 2276 | 41.88 (11.11) | <0.001 | 158.94 | 0.053 | |
| NO PROBLEM | 591 | 3.87 (1.01) | 2283 | 3.69 (1.05) | <0.001 | 14.14 | 0.005 | |
| THINK CHILD | 589 | 3.46 (1.31) | 2283 | 2.71 (1.26) | <0.001 | 164.08 | 0.054 | |
| VIP | 591 | 3.59 (1.15) | 2283 | 3.02 (1.18) | <0.001 | 113.07 | 0.038 | |
| LIKE ME | 591 | 3.27 (1.32) | 2283 | 3.08 (1.30) | <0.01 | 9.45 | 0.003 | |
| PUPPY PIC | 589 | 4.21 (1.00) | 2283 | 3.95 (1.05) | <0.001 | 28.89 | 0.010 | |
| ADULT DOG PIC | 444 | 3.61 (1.21) | 2283 | 3.40 (1.16) | <0.001 | 12.46 | 0.005 | |
| YAWNING | 590 | 2.75 (1.34) | 2283 | 2.85 (1.31) | 0.106 | 2.61 | 0.001 | |
| OE Scale | 591 | 3.69 (0.58) | 2283 | 3.46 (0.50) | <0.001 | 88.72 | 0.030 | |
| DROE Scale | 589 | 3.77 (0.71) | 2283 | 3.63 (0.74) | <0.001 | 18.41 | 0.006 | |
| DRDB Scale | 591 | 3.53 (0.83) | 2283 | 3.37 (0.79) | <0.001 | 17.80 | 0.006 | |
Abbreviations: NO PROBLEM: “I have no problems with my dog at all.”, THINK CHILD: “My dog thinks like a child.”, VIP: “My dog means more to me than any human being“, LIKE ME: “Due to my dog I feel that somebody loves me”, PUPPY PIC: The puppy in the picture is cute, ADULT DOG PIC: The adult dog in the picture is cute, YAWNING:” My dog tends to yawn when I yawn”, OE Scale: Owner’s Empathy Scale, DROE Scale: Dog’s Reactions to the Owner’s Emotions Scale, DRDB Scale: Dog’ Reactions to Other Dog’s Behaviour Scale.