Table 4. Prevalence and modifying effect of sanitation on infant and young child feeding indicators associated with diarrhoea in sub-Saharan African countries, with high burden of diarrhoea mortality.

	Improved Sanitation						Unimproved sanitation
IYCF indicators	N*	(%)$	OR 95%(LCI-UCI)	P value	N*	(%)¥	OR 95%(LCI-UCI)	P value	P for Interaction
Early initiation of breast feeding
No	9583	54.5	1.00		18107	56.7	1.00		0.026
Yes	8016	45.6	0.76 (0.69–0.83)	<0.001	13826	43.3	0.84 (0.79–0.89)	<0.001
Exclusive breast feeding
No	3821	71.8	1.00		7198	70.6	1.00		0.304
Yes	1504	28.2	0.45 (0.35–0.58)	<0.001	2996	29.4	0.52 (0.44–0.63)	<0.001
Predominant breast feeding
No	3849	72.3	1.00		6807	66.8	1.00		<0.001
Yes	1475	27.7	1.13 (0.88–1.45)	0.344	3387	33.2	1.02 (0.87–1.21)	0.790
Continued breast feeding at 1 year
No	717	22.1	1.00		781	13.6	1.00		0.157
Yes	2524	77.9	1.15 (0.86–1.53)	0.338	4954	86.4	1.32 (1.02–1.70)	0.034
Bottle feeding
No	15369	87.3	1.00		29999	93.9	1.00		<0.001
Yes	2230	12.7	1.03 (0.91–1.18)	0.563	1935	96.1	1.08 (0.96–1.21)	0.205
Introduction of solid, semi-solid and soft foods
No	1071	42.6	1.00		1883	43.0	1.00		<0.001
Yes	1446	57.5	1.41(1.13–1.78)	0.003	2502	57.1	1.24 (1.04–1.47)	0.014

N* = total number of children aged 0–23 months with improved and unimproved sanitation.

%^$ = proportion of children who engaged in each feeding indicators, but also had improved sanitation.

%^¥ = proportion of children who engaged in each feeding indicators, but also had unimproved sanitation.

Models adjusted for socio-economic factors (maternal education, father’s education, household wealth and maternal employment); health service factors (antenatal care visit); individual factors (maternal age, child’s age and gender) and household factors (household location and source of drinking).