Table 1. Baseline characteristics of CKD patients.
| Total (n = 533) | Vit D Def (n = 27) | Vit D Suf (n = 483) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70.1 ± 9.4 | 71.6 ± 10.3 | 69.9 ± 9.4 | 0.30 |
| Male (%) | 262 (49.2) | 13 (32.5) | 249 (50.5) | 0.03 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 3.4 | 24.2 ± 4.8 | 24.7 ± 3.3 | 0.36 |
| Smoker (%) | 256 (48.0) | 14 (35.0) | 242 (49.1) | 0.09 |
| Alcohol user (%) | 260 (65.8) | 15 (62.5) | 245 (66.0) | 0.73 |
| Mental health status: | ||||
| Suicidal ideation (%) | 104 (19.5) | 8 (20.0) | 96 (19.5) | 0.9 |
| Depressive symptom (%) | 180 (33.8) | 20 (50.0) | 160 (32.5) | 0.02 |
| EQ5D index | 0.84 ± 0.19 | 0.79 ± 0.21 | 0.85 ± 0.01 | 0.10 |
| Stress (%): | 0.23 | |||
| None | 151 (28.9) | 14 (36.8) | 137 (28.3) | |
| Mild | 276 (52.9) | 15 (39.5) | 261 (53.9) | |
| Moderate to severe | 95 (18.2) | 9 (23.7) | 86 (17.8) | |
| Sleeping hours (%) | 0.07 | |||
| < 6 hours | 31 (6.1) | 5 (12.8) | 26 (5.5) | |
| 6–9 hours | 334 (65.7) | 20 (51.3) | 314 (67.0) | |
| >10 hours | 143 (28.1) | 14 (35.9) | 129 (27.5) | |
| Socioeconomic status (%): | ||||
| Married | 527 (99.1) | 39 (97.5) | 488 (99.2) | |
| Economic status | 0.23 | |||
| Low | 129 (24.6) | 11 (28.9) | 118 (24.2) | |
| Middle | 258 (49.1) | 19 (50.0) | 239 (49.1) | |
| High | 138 (26.3) | 8 (21.1) | 130 (26.7) | |
| Education | 0.9 | |||
| ≤ Elementary | 292 (56.2) | 22 (57.9) | 270 (56.0) | |
| Middle-high school | 187 (36.0) | 13 (34.2) | 174 (36.1) | |
| ≥ College | 41 (7.9) | 3 (7.9) | 38 (7.9) | |
| Employed | 169 (32.6) | 4 (10.5) | 165 (34.3) | 0.003 |
| Comorbidities (%): | ||||
| HTN | 379 (71.1) | 27 (67.5) | 352 (71.4) | 0.60 |
| DM | 168 (31.5) | 22 (55.0) | 146 (29.6) | 0.001 |
| CVD | 102 (19.1) | 7 (17.5) | 95 (19.3) | 0.78 |
| Dyslipidemia | 145 (27.2) | 12 (30.0) | 133 (27.0) | 0.68 |
| Laboratory data: | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.2 ± 1.8 | 12.3 ± 1.6 | 13.2 ± 1.8 | 0.002 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 50.5 ± 9.8 | 48.7 ± 11.2 | 50.6 ± 9.7 | 0.24 |
| Proteinuria (%) | 52 (9.8) | 5 (12.5) | 47 (9.5) | 0.54 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 186.2 ± 41.3 | 176.6 ± 39.3 | 187.0 ± 41.4 | 0.13 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 108.9 ± 30.4 | 109.7 ± 30.1 | 108.8 ± 30.5 | 0.87 |
| 25(OH)D3 (ng/ml) | 19.1 ± 6.9 | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 19.9 ± 6.5 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).
Abbreviations: Vit D Def, vitamin D deficiency; Vit D Suf, vitamin D sufficiency; CKD, chronic kidney disease; BMI, body mass index; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate