Table 3.

Correlations Between EFs and Substance Use Measures

	Common EF		Updating-Specific		Shifting-Specific
	Late Adolescence	Early Adulthood	Late Adolescence	Early Adulthood	Late Adolescence	Early Adulthood
Late Adolescence (Mean Age 17)
Ever Used	− .31	− .21	−.02	−.01	.08	.11
Frequency	− .25	− .15	−.02	−.04	.03	.05
DAV	.02	−.02	−.06	.03	− .17	−.06
Early Adulthood (Mean Age 23)
Ever Used	− .25	− .18	.14	.03	.20	.07
Frequency	− .13	− .10	.06	−.03	.17	.05
DAV	−.10	−.09	−.03	− .12	.05	.02

Note: Displayed are partial correlations between substance use measures and EF latent variables after controlling for the effects of age and sex on all variables. EF latent variables were based on residualized scores after removing the effects of sex and age (before fitting this model). Binned substance use measures were modeled as ordinal variables with an underlying normal liability using threshold models (delta parameterization), and regressed on age and sex within the model. Ever Used = lifetime number of substances ever tried, Frequency = Frequency of substance use in the past six months, DAV = Dependence/abuse vulnerability: the number of dependence and abuse symptoms per substance used to criterion. Bold indicates p< .05; italics indicate p< .10.