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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Neurosci. 2016 Nov 12;45(4):490–498. doi: 10.1111/ejn.13446

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Cotinine treatment increases phosphorylation of GSK3 and AKT in the hippocampus of Fmr1−/− mice. Immunoblots from representative mice in each group, at 30 and 90 min after treatment, showing the increase in the hippocampus of phosphorylation of (A) Ser-9-GSK3β, (B) Ser-21-GSK3α, (C) Thr-308-Akt and (D) Ser-473-Akt. Data was normalized relative to control (vehicle (0 mg/kg)). Values are means ±SEM. *p<0.05 **p<0.01 compared to vehicle treated mice. (n=5–8 per group).