Table 3.
Sex and 5-year age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep disturbance (PSQI <5.5) and relationships between sleep disturbance and questionnaire items
| OR | 95 % CI | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Women/men | 1.61 | 1.41 | 1.84 | 0.00 |
| Age | ||||
| 70–74/65–69 | 1.15 | 0.98 | 1.36 | 0.09 |
| 75–79/65–69 | 1.22 | 1.01 | 1.48 | 0.04 |
| ≥80/65–69 | 1.56 | 1.23 | 1.96 | 0.00 |
| Current health condition | ||||
| Depression (GDSa) | ||||
| 3–5/0–2 | 1.53 | 1.31 | 1.78 | 0.00 |
| ≥6/0–2 | 3.17 | 2.61 | 3.84 | 0.00 |
| Cognitive impairment (MMSEb) | ||||
| <24/≥24 | 1.42 | 1.05 | 1.92 | 0.02 |
| eGFRc | ||||
| ≥60, <90/≥90 | 1.06 | 0.81 | 1.41 | 0.67 |
| <60/≥90 | 1.32 | 0.98 | 1.79 | 0.07 |
| Subjective bodily paind | ||||
| Very mild/none | 1.37 | 1.12 | 1.67 | 0.00 |
| Mild/none | 1.95 | 1.63 | 2.34 | 0.00 |
| Moderate/none | 2.91 | 2.33 | 3.63 | 0.00 |
| Severe or very severe/none | 3.85 | 2.79 | 5.30 | 0.00 |
| History of chronic conditions | ||||
| Stroke | ||||
| Yes/no | 1.63 | 1.24 | 2.15 | 0.00 |
| Myocardial infarction | ||||
| Yes/no | 1.45 | 0.95 | 2.22 | 0.09 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yese/no | 1.12 | 0.93 | 1.36 | 0.24 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yesf/no | 0.98 | 0.85 | 1.14 | 0.82 |
| Cancer of any kind | ||||
| Yes/no | 1.18 | 0.94 | 1.48 | 0.16 |
| Social support | ||||
| Spouse | ||||
| Weak/strong | 1.29 | 1.09 | 1.53 | 0.00 |
| Family | ||||
| Weak/strong | 1.66 | 1.43 | 1.94 | 0.00 |
| Friends | ||||
| Weak/strong | 1.47 | 1.26 | 1.72 | 0.00 |
| Lifestyle habits | ||||
| Physical activity (METsg) | ||||
| ≥0, <60/≥300 | 0.97 | 0.80 | 1.18 | 0.78 |
| ≥60, <300/≥300 | 0.90 | 0.72 | 1.12 | 0.34 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| <20/0 | 1.12 | 0.93 | 1.36 | 0.24 |
| 20–40/0 | 0.95 | 0.74 | 1.22 | 0.67 |
| ≥40/0 | 0.89 | 0.69 | 1.15 | 0.38 |
| Smoking habit | ||||
| Ex-smoker/current smoker | 1.15 | 0.89 | 1.50 | 0.29 |
| Non-smoker/current smoker | 1.16 | 0.88 | 1.54 | 0.30 |
aGeriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15)
bMini-mental state examination
cEstimated glomerular filtration rate (unit: ml/min/1.73m2)
dBodily pain included in the MOS 36-item short-form health survey
ePhysician-diagnosed diabetes with medical treatment or HbA1c >6.5 % at baseline
fCurrently treated for SBP >140 mmHg or DBP >90 mmHg
gEstimated based on the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire