Table 4.
Influence of sex hormones on change in pQCT parameters (% change/year) at the radius
| Dependent variable pQCT parameters (% change/year) | Total testosterone (per SD) | Bioavailable testosterone (per SD) | Total oestradiol (per SD) | Bioavailable oestradiol (per SD) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standardised (Z-score) β coefficient (95 % CI) | ||||||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | |
| Midshaft radius | ||||||||
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.02) | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) |
| Cortical BMC (mg/mm) | −0.03 (−0.15, 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.13, 0.12) | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.04 (−0.10, 0.17) | −0.03 (−0.15, 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.12, 0.11) | 0.02 (−0.09, 0.14) | 0.03 (−0.09, 0.14) |
| Total area (mm2) | −0.09 (−0.28, 0.10) | −0.12 (−0.33, 0.08) | −0.19 (−0.38, 0.00) | −0.14 (−0.37, 0.08) | −0.09 (−0.28, 0.10) | −0.09 (−0.28, 0.09) | −0.10 (−0.29, 0.08) | −0.07 (−0.27, 0.12) |
| Cortical area (mm2) | −0.06 (−0.17, 0.05) | −0.04 (−0.15, 0.08) | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.14) | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.15) | −0.06 (−0.16, 0.05) | −0.03 (−0.14, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.10, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.10, 0.12) |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.21) | 0.08 (−0.14, 0.29) | 0.16 (−0.05, 0.36) | 0.14 (−0.10, 0.38) | −0.02 (−0.23, 0.18) | 0.01 (−0.19, 0.20) | 0.05 (−0.15, 0.25) | 0.03 (−0.17, 0.24) |
| Medullary area (mm2) | −0.38 (−0.97, 0.22) | −0.49 (−1.15, 0.16) | −0.42 (−1.01, 0.18) | −0.45 (−1.16, 0.27) | −0.05 (−0.64, 0.54) | −0.06 (−0.66, 0.54) | 0.01 (−0.58, 0.60) | 0.04 (−0.58, 0.65) |
| Stress strain index (mm3) | −0.03 (−0.19, 0.12) | 0.00 (−0.17, 0.18) | −0.02 (−0.18, 0.14) | −0.01 (−0.20, 0.18) | −0.03 (−0.19, 0.12) | −0.04 (−0.20, 0.12) | −0.01 (−0.17, 0.14) | −0.04 (−0.20, 0.13) |
| Distal radius | ||||||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.11) | −0.01 (−0.15, 0.13) | 0.04 (−0.09, 0.17) | 0.04 (−0.12, 0.19) | −0.05 (−0.18, 0.08) | −0.06 (−0.19, 0.07) | −0.03 (−0.16, 0.10) | −0.05 (−0.18, 0.09) |
| Radial area (mm2) | 0.02 (−0.19, 0.24) | 0.07 (−0.17, 0.31) | 0.08 (−0.14, 0.30) | 0.09 (−0.18, 0.35) | 0.09 (−0.13, 0.31) | 0.09 (−0.13, 0.31) | 0.12 (−0.10, 0.34) | 0.09 (−0.14, 0.32) |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.17) | 0.03 (−0.11, 0.17) | −0.02 (−0.15, 0.11) | 0.04 (−0.12, 0.19) | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.20) | 0.09 (−0.04, 0.21) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.17) | 0.09 (−0.04, 0.22) |
SD standard deviation, BMD bone mineral density, BMC bone mineral content, vBMD volumetric bone mineral density
aChange in pQCT parameters per standard deviation increase in bone turnover parameter marker. pQCT parameters are % change per year
bAdjusted for age, centre, height and weight