Table 1.
Pioneer factor | Cellular context of pioneering | Proposed pioneering mechanism | References |
---|---|---|---|
Ascl1 |
|
Nucleosomal targets contain an extra “G” nucleotide at the 3′-end of the E
|
Vierbuchen et al., 2010; Karow et al., 2012; Wapinski et al., 2013; Yamamizu et al., 2013; Raposo et al., 2015; Soufi et al., 2015 |
FoxD3 |
|
Winged helix DBD | Clark et al., 1993; Ramakrishnan et al., 1993; Gualdi et al., 1996; Bossard and Zaret, 1998; Xu et al., 2007, 2009 |
FoxA1/A2 |
|
|
Xu et al., 2007; Magnani et al., 2011; Magnani and Lupien, 2014; Iwafuchi-Doi et al., 2016 |
Klf4 |
|
|
Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Soufi et al., 2012, 2015 |
Oct4 |
|
|
Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Soufi et al., 2012, 2015 |
PU.1 |
|
Unknown | Smale, 2010; Barozzi et al., 2014 |
Sox2 |
|
Recognition of a degenerate motif facilitating recognition of histone bound DNA minor groove | Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Karow et al., 2012, 2014; Soufi et al., 2015 |
Pbx1 |
|
|
Berkes et al., 2004; Maves et al., 2007; Magnani et al., 2011; Thiaville et al., 2012; Grebbin et al., 2016 |
Summarizes several established pioneer factors in comparison to PBX1. The list gives the physiological contexts in which priming was established and potential mechanisms that may mediate their priming function. For more detailed information on these proteins or for further discussion of general priming and pioneer factor mechanisms we would like to refer the reader to a series of excellent recent reviews (Iwafuchi-Doi and Zaret, 2014; Magnani and Lupien, 2014; Zaret and Mango, 2016).