Table 3.
Relative risks (95% CI) for follicular fluid (FF) and urine essential trace elements among oocytes (n = 475) and embryos (n = 294)
| IVF outcomesa | Essential trace elementsa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co | Cr | Cu | Mn | Mo | Zn | |
| FF | ||||||
| M2-oocyteb | 0.77 (0.56, 1.06) | 0.59 (0.49, 0.73) * | 1.08 (0.68, 1.72) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97) * | 1.08 (0.81, 1.44) | 0.78 (0.52, 1.16) |
| Fertilized oocyte | 1.03 (0.62, 1.73) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.05) | 1.01 (0.69, 1.46) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.07) | 1.12 (0.76, 1.64) | 0.64 (0.38, 1.09) |
| Good EFSc | 0.96 (0.60, 1.56) | 0.97 (0.64, 1.47) | 2.50 (1.16, 5.37) * | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.07) | 1.25 (0.66, 2.37) |
| Good ECNd | 0.93 (0.54, 1.59) | 1.09 (0.72, 1.63) | 1.17 (0.69, 1.99) | 1.10 (0.87, 1.40) | 1.39 (0.79, 2.43) | 1.27 (0.60, 2.69) |
| Urinee | ||||||
| M2-oocyteb | 1.08 (0.93, 1.26) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 1.14 (1.02, 1.28) * | 1.09 (0.95, 1.25) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) |
| Fertilized oocyte | 1.12 (0.93, 1.36) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.06) | 1.06 (0.82, 1.37) | 0.97 (0.81, 1.16) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) |
| Good EFSc | 0.92 (0.67, 1.28) | 0.99 (0.77, 1.27) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.28) | 0.81 (0.67, 0.98) * | 0.91 (0.63, 1.29) | 1.09 (0.91, 1.31) |
| Good ECNd | 1.30 (0.97, 1.73) | 1.26 (0.99, 1.59) | 1.46 (1.13, 1.88) * | 1.19 (0.88, 1.59) | 1.24 (0.95, 1.63) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.34) |
NOTE: Statistically significant effects (P < 0.05) in boldface type
ECN embryo cell number, EFS embryo fragmentation score, M2 metaphase-2 arrest
aModified Poisson regression relative risks with natural log-transformed essential elements as predictors and adjusted for age, race, and cigarette smoking
bICSI only (n = 396)
cMean EFS dichotomized as ≥3 = 0 (“bad”) and <3 = 1 (“good”)
dMean ECN dichotomized as ≥6 = 1 (“good”) and <6 = 0 (“bad”)
eAdditional adjustment for creatinine
* P < 0.05