Table 1.
Body fat percentage of Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (data are presented as the mean ± SD)
| Athlete characteristics (n) | Body mass (kg) |
Body fat (%) |
Method (Prediction equation reference) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | ||||
| High level athletes (n = 14) | 71.3 ± 9.1 | 8.5 ± 1.5 | Carter [84] | Diaz-Lara et al. [85] |
| High level athletes (n = 8) | 76 ± 10 | 11.2 ± 3.0a | Lohman [86] | Marinho et al. [25] |
| State level athletes (n = 10) | 72 ± 5 | 14.8 ± 3.0 | ||
| Athletes of different competitive levels—brown and black belt (n = 10) | 81.8 ± 7.4 | 13.0 ± 4.8 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Andreato et al. [39] |
| High level athletes (n = 26) | 75.4 ± 9.7 | 9.5 ± 2.1 | Bioimpedance—Moon et al. [88] | Diaz-Lara et al. [89] |
| State level athletes—blue to black belt (n = 15) | 82.2 ± 11.9 | 14.6 ± 5.6 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Follmer et al. [90] |
| Athletes of different competitive levels (n = 9) | 73.3 ± 9.7 | 6.8 ± 2.1 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Mazzoccante et al. [35] |
| State level athletes (n = 9) | 77.4 ± 24.5 | 16.5 ± 7.1 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Ribeiro et al. [36] |
| State level athletes (n = 9) | 84.6 ± 19.9 | 16.1 ± 5.6 | ||
| Practitioners (n = 136) | 81.8 ± 13.1 | 16.2 ± 6.7 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Schwartz et al. [16] |
| High level athletes—brown and black beltb | 77.9 ± 6.8 | 7.4 ± 2.7 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Silva et al. [68] |
| Practitioners—blue and purple beltb | 76.5 ± 8.7 | 6.5 ± 1.7 | ||
| High level athletes—purple to black belt | Kerr [91] | Báez et al. [26] | ||
| Pass fighter (n = 10) | 75.0 ± 8.9 | 18.4 ± 2.5 | ||
| Guard fighter (n = 15) | 75.9 ± 11.9 | 19.9 ± 2.5c | ||
| All (n = 25) | 75.6 ± 10.6 | 19.3 ± 2.5 | ||
| High level athletes (n = 20) | 81.6 ± 5.4 | 7.1 ± 5.4 | NR | Brandão et al. [22] |
| Practitioners (n = 10) | 83.3 ± 3.8 | 7.8 ± 2.5 | NR | |
| State level athletes (n = 20) | 68.1 + 8.5 | 12.0 + 4.3 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Carmo et al. [92] |
| High level athletes | Bioimpedance—Moon et al. [88] | Diaz-Lara et al. [20] | ||
| Novice—white to blue belt (n = 24) | 75.7 ± 9.3 | 9.3 ± 3.7 | ||
| Expert—purple to black belt (n = 32) | 77.4 ± 11.3 | 9.1 ± 4.6 | ||
| Brown or black belt (n = 10) | 83.8 ± 12.1 | 16.1 ± 10.1 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Joel et al. [52] |
| Brown or black belt (n = 10) | 83.1 ± 10.1 | 16.6 ± 8.0 | ||
| Practitioners—men (n = 8) | 78.9 ± 7.9 | 19.4 ± 5.2 | NR | Lorenço-Lima et al. [93] |
| Athletes of different competitive levels (n = 10) | 70.3 ± 5.9 | 6.8 ± 2.4 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Mazzoccante et al. [37] |
| High level athletes (n = 49) | 77.3 ± 6.5 | 15.7 ± 4.0 | Bioimpedance | Pietraszewska et al. [94] |
| High level athletes (n = 10) | 70.0 ± 3.3 | 14.1 ± 2.9 | Thorland et al. [95] | Pinho-Júnior et al. [96] |
| Practitioners—purple to black (NR) | 78.7 ± 7.9 | 9.5 ± 1.9 | NR | Tinsley et al. [97] |
| High level athletes (n = 11) | 83.1 ± 8.7 | 10.3 ± 2.6 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Andreato et al. [8] |
| Athletes of different competitive levels (n = 12) | 75.4 ± 8.8 | 9.2 ± 2.4 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Andreato et al. [98] |
| Athletes of different competitive levels | Tipton and Oppliger [99] | Arruda et al. [99] | ||
| Feather (n = 3) | 69.8d | 10.5d | ||
| Light (n = 1) | 47.0 | 5.3 | ||
| Middle (n = 3) | 81.6d | 9.8d | ||
| Medium heavy (n = 4) | 87.6d | 12.5d | ||
| Heavy (n = 1) | 90.0 | 14.6 | ||
| Ultra heavy (n = 2) | 95.0d | 14.5d | ||
| All (n = 14) | 82.8 ± 9.1 | 11.4 ± 3.6 | ||
| Athletes of different competitive levels (n = 155) | 78.2 ± 8.5 | 15.9 ± 6.1 | Thorland et al. [95] | Brito et al. [9] |
| High level athletes (n = 9) | 68.0 ± 2.8 | 12.7 ± 3.5 | Thorland et al. [95] | Santos et al. [100] |
| State level athletes (n = 21) | 78.1 ± 9.4 | 14.3 ± 4.8 | NR | Souza-Junior et al. [101] |
| Beginner athletes—white and blue belt (n = 7) | 74.9 ± 5.9 | 8.7 ± 3.8 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Coswig et al. [21] |
| Experienced athletes—more than purple belt (n = 7) | 79.0 ± 4.1 | 9.1 ± 3.0 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | |
| High level athletes (n = 7) | 77.9 ± 3.5 | 9.0 ± 2.6 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Andreato et al. [23] |
| State level athletes (n = 7) | 72.2 ± 25.0 | 9.1 ± 3.1 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | |
| High level athletes (n = 8) | 79.4 ± 9.5 | 8.4 ± 2.3 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Gomes et al. [24] |
| State level athletes (n = 5) | 72.4 ± 7.7 | 9.8 ± 2.4 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | |
| High level athletes (n = 106) | 76.0 ± 15.2 | 15.8 ± 6.1 | Thorland et al. [95] | Roas et al. [102] |
| State level athletes—purple to black belt (n = 5) | 93.8 ± 13.7 | 19.9 ± 4.3 | Jackson and Pollock [87] | Rigatto [103] |
| State level athletes—purple to black belt (n = 7) | 80.4 ± 16.6 | 12.2 ± 5.7 | ||
| High level athletes (n = 7) | 78.9 ± 12.2 | 9.8 ± 4.2 | Guedes and Guedes [104] | Del Vecchio et al. [3] |
| Female | ||||
| Practitioners (n = 8) | 56.3 ± 10.0 | 24.2 ± 3.6 | Lorenço-Lima et al. [93] | |
| Athletes (n = 14) | 61.0 ± 11.5 | 19.3 ± 6.3 | Slaughter et al. [105] | Roas et al. [102] |
NR not reported
Pass fighter: athlete fighting passing the guard (rather than playing above)
Guard fighter: athlete fighting inside the guard (prefers to fight underneath)
aSignificant difference from non-elite group from the same study
bDid not report the number for each group, in total the study included 28 subjects
cSignificant difference versus pass fighter group from the same study
dOnly mean value