Table 4.
Male | Female | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exposed | Control | Exposed | Control | |||||
Patient–years follow‐up (10 5 ) | 3.005 | 5.444 | 3.510 | 6.324 |
n | phtpy | n | phtpy | n | phtpy | n | phtpy | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcomes | ||||||||
Prostate | 450 | 138 | 1424 | 179 | N/A | |||
Colorectal | 264 | 81 | 647 | 81 | 242 | 63 | 587 | 64 |
Endometrial | N/A | 69 | 18 | 157 | 17 | |||
Ovarian | N/A | 64 | 17 | 145 | 16 | |||
Pancreatic | 42 | 13 | 115 | 14 | 68 | 18 | 136 | 15 |
Renal | 26 | 8 | 56 | 7 | 25 | 6 | 29 | 3 |
MML | 14 | 4 | 35 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 22 | 2 |
Pharyngeal | 8 | 2 | 21 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
Thyroid | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 21 | 2 |
Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
Minor skin cancers | 655 | 201 | 1635 | 205 | 629 | 163 | 1512 | 166 |
Breast | N/A | 504 | 131 | 1103 | 121 | |||
Lung | 314 | 96 | 701 | 88 | 231 | 60 | 485 | 53 |
Bladder | 132 | 40 | 385 | 48 | 43 | 11 | 137 | 15 |
Carcinoma in situ | 130 | 40 | 297 | 37 | 305 | 79 | 627 | 69 |
Oesophagus | 89 | 27 | 185 | 23 | 42 | 11 | 117 | 13 |
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin | 66 | 20 | 144 | 18 | 42 | 11 | 105 | 12 |
Stomach | 62 | 19 | 141 | 18 | 38 | 10 | 99 | 11 |
Leukemia | 37 | 11 | 114 | 14 | 28 | 7 | 62 | 7 |
Melanoma of skin | 43 | 13 | 103 | 13 | 44 | 11 | 113 | 12 |
Non Hodgkin lymphoma | 50 | 15 | 99 | 12 | 58 | 15 | 102 | 11 |
Other malignant neoplasm of skin | 44 | 13 | 84 | 11 | 44 | 11 | 85 | 9 |
Myeloma | 32 | 10 | 68 | 9 | 25 | 6 | 55 | 6 |
Mesothelioma | 17 | 5 | 66 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
Other lymphatic and haemopoietic | 28 | 9 | 62 | 8 | 32 | 8 | 71 | 8 |
Lip and oral cavity | 29 | 9 | 61 | 8 | 18 | 5 | 41 | 5 |
Other respiratory organs | 19 | 6 | 61 | 8 | 13 | 3 | 18 | 2 |
Other genitourinary organs | 15 | 5 | 58 | 7 | 38 | 10 | 76 | 8 |
Other cancers | 31 | 9 | 58 | 7 | 24 | 6 | 59 | 6 |
Liver | 99 | 30 | 54 | 7 | 38 | 10 | 21 | 2 |
Liver a | 35 | 14 | 41 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 15 | 3 |
Kidney | 30 | 9 | 54 | 7 | 18 | 5 | 32 | 4 |
Other digestive organs | 22 | 7 | 48 | 6 | 28 | 7 | 63 | 7 |
Nervous system | 13 | 4 | 39 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 31 | 3 |
Other bone and connective tissue | 11 | 3 | 17 | 2 | 13 | 3 | 27 | 3 |
Anus | 5 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 15 | 2 |
Hodgkins lymphoma | 5 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 1 |
Melanoma in situ | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
N/A Not applicable; MML, myelomonoblastic/myelomonocytic leukaemia’ phtpy, per 100 000 patient–years. We did not analyse a very small number of breast cancer cases in men.
Excluding patients exposed to >50 mg/day spironolactone and their controls. Events per 100 000 patient–years are rounded to nearest whole number