Figure 1. Schematic overview of the study.

Static in vitro digestions of beef and chicken meat were performed in triplicate. To simulate the colonic fermentation, fecal inocula were obtained from ten healthy volunteers with no history of known gastro-intestinal diseases and/or use of antibiotics at least six months prior to sampling. Sequentially, UHPLC-HR-Q-Orbitrap-MS-based metabolomics was performed on the meat digestion samples, followed by data preprocessing, multivariate statistical analysis and identification of the retained beef-associated metabolites.