Table 1.

Effects of heat on zebrafish gonad gene expression

Juveniles	Adults	Type of heat effects	Number of genes	Examples
+	+	Permanent	5	ctnnbip1, ddx4, dkk3, dnd
+	−	Transient	10	piwil1, sox9a, foxl2, vtg5
−	+	Delayed	18	amh, cyp19a1a, dmrt1, dnmt3b
−	−	None	17	fshr, nr3c1, sox3, tp53

Juveniles refer to juvenile high temperature (JHT) vs. juvenile control temperature (JCT1), whereas adults refer to female high temperature (FHT2) and male high temperature (MHT1 and MHT2) vs. FCT. A total of 50 genes with a cognate function in fish sex determination/differentiation in vertebrates were considered (see SI Appendix, Table S5 for the complete set of genes). Genes are not affected (−) or significantly (P < 0.01) affected (+) in the heat-treated groups compared with the controls.