Table 1.
Juveniles | Adults | Type of heat effects | Number of genes | Examples |
+ | + | Permanent | 5 | ctnnbip1, ddx4, dkk3, dnd |
+ | − | Transient | 10 | piwil1, sox9a, foxl2, vtg5 |
− | + | Delayed | 18 | amh, cyp19a1a, dmrt1, dnmt3b |
− | − | None | 17 | fshr, nr3c1, sox3, tp53 |
Juveniles refer to juvenile high temperature (JHT) vs. juvenile control temperature (JCT1), whereas adults refer to female high temperature (FHT2) and male high temperature (MHT1 and MHT2) vs. FCT. A total of 50 genes with a cognate function in fish sex determination/differentiation in vertebrates were considered (see SI Appendix, Table S5 for the complete set of genes). Genes are not affected (−) or significantly (P < 0.01) affected (+) in the heat-treated groups compared with the controls.