ATF5 expression is induced by stress. (A and B) Murine pancreatic islets were isolated from Atf5+/+, Atf5+/LacZ, and Atf5LacZ/LacZ mice, cultured and treated with Tg (1 uM) over time (expressed in hours), and then were collected and harvested for RNA. qPCR results are shown for Atf5 (A) and LacZ (B). n = 3; nd, not detected. (C) Min6 cells were treated with 500 uM palmitate (PA) for 48 h and then were harvested for RNA. qPCR results are shown for Atf4, 4ebp1, Atf5, and spliced/total Xbp1. n = 3. (D) Western blot analysis of whole-cell lysate from isolated islets cultured and treated with Tg (1 μM) for 6 h and then harvested for protein. n = 3. Bars in A–C show the mean, and error bars indicate the SEM. P values were calculated with Student’s t test; *P ≤ 0.02, **P ≤ 0.01.