Table 5.
Proteases from dipterans
| Protease | Species | Synthetic/Natural substrate | Inhibitor | Localization | Role | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cystein | ||||||
| Cathepsin B | ||||||
| VCB | Aedes aegypti | Z-Arg-Arg-pNA | E-64; Chymostatin | Fat body | Yolk formation | [131] |
| GmCath B | Glossina morsitans | Hb; Serum albumin | – | Gut | Digestion | [170] |
| Cathepsin D | ||||||
| mLAP | Ae. aegypti | – | – | Fat body | Yolk formation | [163] |
| Serine; Trypsin-like | ||||||
| AaET; AaSPVI; AaSPVII | Ae. aegypti | BApNA | – | Gut | Digestion; yolk formation | [137, 138] |
| AaLT | Ae. aegypti | – | – | Gut | Digestion; yolk formation | [136, 137] |
| Antryp-7 | Anopheles gambiae | – | PMSF | Gut | Digestion | [140–142] |
| Cq-proteins | Culex quinquefasciatus | – | – | Gut | Digestion | [146] |
| Aa-proteins | Aedes albopictus | – | – | Gut | Digestion | [149] |
| ISPL5; ISP13 | An. gambiae | – | – | Gut | Immunity | [153, 154] |
| AgSP14D1 | An. gambiae | – | – | Gut | Immunity | [155] |
| SP14A; SP14D2; SP18D; SP2A | An. gambiae | – | – | Haemolymph | Immunity | [156] |
| SP22D | An. gambiae | – | – | Haemolymph | Immunity | [157] |
| ClipSP 1; SerF 2; SerF 3 | Anopheles dirus | – | – | Fat body | Immunity | [158] |
| Pptryp 1-4 | Phlebotomus papatasi | BapNa; N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA | 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N, N-diphenylcarbamate | Gut | Digestion | [164] |
| Lltryp 1; Lltryp 2 | Lutzomyia longipalpis | – | TPCK; PMSF; TLCK | Gut | Digestion | [165, 166] |
| Chymotrypsin-like | ||||||
| JHA15 | Ae. aegypti | N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA | Chymostatin | Gut | Development | [147] |
| AaChymo | Ae. aegypti | – | – | Gut | Digestion | [139] |
| AaSP II-V | Ae. aegypti | – | – | Gut | Digestion | [139] |
| Aa-protein | Ae. albopictus | – | – | Gut | Digestion | [149] |
| Anchym 1; Anchym 2 | An. gambiae | – | – | Gut | Digestion | [150] |
| AgChyL | An. gambiae | N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA | – | Gut | Digestion | [151] |
| Anachy1; Anachy2 | Anopheles aquasalis | Z-Phe-Arg-AMC | PMSF; TLCK | Gut | Digestion | [152] |
| Andchy1; Andchy2 | Anopheles darlingi | – | – | Gut | Digestion | [152] |
| Ppchym1; Ppchym 2 | P. papatasi | BapNa; N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA | 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N, N-diphenylcarbamate | Gut | Digestion | [164] |
| Colagenase-like | ||||||
| AaSPI | Ae. aegypti | – | – | Gut | Immunity | [139] |
| Metallo; Leucine-aminopeptidases | ||||||
| LpNa | Ae. aegypti | Leu-pNa | Leuhistin; Amastatin; Bestatin | Gut | Digestion | [159] |
| Carboxypeptidase A and B | ||||||
| HPA; HA | Ae. aegypti | Hippuril-Phe; Hippuril-Arg | 1–10 Phenanthroline | Gut | Digestion | [159] |
| MMP | ||||||
| AgMMP 1 | An. gambiae | Casein | – | Gut | Digestion; immunity | [160] |