Table 5.
Characteristics of middle-aged and elderly women with sarcopenia defined by height-adjusted ASM or weight-adjusted ASM
| Sarcopenia defined by ASM/Ht2 | Sarcopenia defined by ASM/Wt | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Class 1 | Class 2 | *P value | Normal | Class 1 | Class 2 | *P value | |||
| Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | One-way ANCOVA | Post hoc analysis | Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | One-way ANCOVA | Post hoc analysis | |||
| Number | 656 (76.2%) | 192 (22.3%) | 13 (1.5%) | – | – | 494 (57.4%) | 306 (35.5%) | 61 (7.1%) | – | – |
| Age (years) | 60 ± 11 | 62 ± 11 | 67 ± 11 | – | – | 59 ± 11 | 62 ± 10 | 64 ± 10 | – | – |
| Height (cm) | 155.9 ± 5.9 | 155.3 ± 5.7 | 152.8 ± 5.8 | N.S. | 156.6 ± 5.9 | 154.6 ± 5.6 | 153.7 ± 5.7 | <0.01 | a,b | |
| Weight (kg) | 53.1 ± 5.5 | 48.6 ± 5.0 | 44.4 ± 5.5 | <0.001 | a,b,c | 50.8 ± 5.8 | 53.3 ± 5.5 | 55.1 ± 4.8 | <0.001 | a,b,c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.9 ± 1.8 | 20.1 ± 1.8 | 18.9 ± 1.9 | <0.001 | a,b,c | 20.7 ± 1.8 | 22.3 ± 1.6 | 23.3 ± 1.3 | N.S. | |
| WC (cm) | 80.4 ± 6.9 | 77.5 ± 7.3 | 74.7 ± 7.3 | <0.001 | a,b,c | 76.7 ± 6.3 | 82.7 ± 6.1 | 87.1 ± 6.5 | N.S. | |
| Percent body fat (%) | 27.5 ± 5.2 | 29.3 ± 5.0 | 30.6 ± 5.4 | – | – | 24.8 ± 4.1 | 31.4 ± 2.6 | 36.1 ± 2.4 | – | – |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 25.7 ± 4.5 | 23.3 ± 3.7 | 19.7 ± 4.3 | <0.001 | a,b,c | 26.1 ± 4.6 | 23.9 ± 3.8 | 22.4 ± 4.1 | N.S. | |
| Whole-body BMD (g/cm2) | 1.003 ± 0.117 | 0.956 ± 0.102 | 0.883 ± 0.112 | <0.001 | a,b,c | 1.012 ± 0.119 | 0.965 ± 0.106 | 0.945 ± 0.093 | N.S. | |
| Arm BMD (g/cm2) | 0.633 ± 0.067 | 0.605 ± 0.058 | 0.561 ± 0.064 | <0.001 | a,b,c | 0.640 ± 0.070 | 0.609 ± 0.057 | 0.598 ± 0.050 | N.S. | |
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 0.952 ± 0.174 | 0.888 ± 0.156 | 0.747 ± 0.166 | <0.001 | a,b,c | 0.961 ± 0.181 | 0.902 ± 0.157 | 0.885 ± 0.144 | N.S. | |
| Leg BMD (g/cm2) | 1.026 ± 0.106 | 0.97 ± 0.095 | 0.884 ± 0.104 | <0.001 | a,b,c | 1.030 ± 0.112 | 0.990 ± 0.095 | 0.968 ± 0.082 | N.S. | |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.38 ± 0.52 | 5.43 ± 0.53 | 5.36 ± 0.52 | N.S. | 5.31 ± 0.41 | 5.48 ± 0.64 | 5.56 ± 0.57 | N.S. | ||
| TG (mg/dl) | 82.6 ± 39.6 | 88.0 ± 46.1 | 90.2 ± 45.7 | N.S. | 76.0 ± 34.6 | 90.9 ± 44.5 | 112.5 ± 54.5 | <0.05 | a,b,c | |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 71.3 ± 16.8 | 70.2 ± 15.3 | 72.5 ± 15.8 | N.S. | 75.0 ± 16.9 | 66.8 ± 14.4 | 61.3 ± 14.3 | N.S. | ||
| TG/HDL ratio | 1.29 ± 0.92 | 1.39 ± 1.05 | 1.47 ± 1.05 | N.S. | 1.11 ± 0.71 | 1.52 ± 1.11 | 2.00 ± 1.32 | <0.05 | a,b,c | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 ± 17 | 122 ± 20 | 120 ± 19 | N.S. | 118 ± 17 | 123 ± 18 | 130 ± 20 | <0.05 | a,b,c | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71 ± 10 | 72 ± 12 | 69 ± 11 | N.S. | 70 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 75 ± 12 | <0.05 | a,b,c | |
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1319 ± 239 | 1433 ± 313 | 1607 ± 316 | <0.001 | a,b,c | 1306 ± 245 | 1386 ± 270 | 1512 ± 301 | <0.01 | a,b,c |
Data are presented as mean ± SD
BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, BMD bone mineral density, HbA1c glycohemoglobin A1c, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity
*One-way ANCOVA adjusted for age and percent body fat and post hoc analysis using the least significant difference t test (mean difference between two groups): a, Normal vs. class 1; b, Normal vs. class 2; c, class 1 vs. class 2; all P < 0.05