Table 4.
“Nutrient balanced pattern” factor score means and adherence according to the dietary share of ultra-processed foods, US population aged 1+ years (NHANES 2009–2010)
| Dietary share of ultra-processed foods (% of total energy intake) | “Nutrient balanced pattern” factor score | Adherence to “Nutrient balanced pattern”b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintiles | Mean (range) | Mean | Low (%) | Middle (%) | High (%) | |
| unadj. (R2 = 0.18) | adj.a (R2 = 0.24) | |||||
| Q1 (n = 1,941) | 32.6 (0 to 42.6) | 1.2* | 1.1* | 13.3 | 28.3 | 58.4 |
| Q2 (n = 1,903) | 48.6 (42.6 to 54.0) | 0.6* | 0.5* | 19.6 | 35.0 | 45.5 |
| Q3 (n = 1,791) | 58.4 (54.0 to 62.8) | 0.04 | 0.002 | 30.0 | 37.3 | 32.7 |
| Q4 (n = 1,785) | 67.3 (62.8 to 72.3) | -0.5* | -0.4* | 42.2 | 38.8 | 19.0 |
| Q5 (n = 1,897) | 80.7 (72.3 to 100) | -1.0*¥ | -0.9*¥ | 61.7 | 27.4 | 11.0 |
aAdjusted for sex, age group (1-5, 6–11, 12–19, 20–39, 40–59, 60+ years), race/ethnicity (Mexican-American, Other Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black and Other Race – Including Multi-Racial), ratio of family income to poverty (SNAP 0.00–1.30, >1.30–3.50, and >3.50 and over), and educational attainment (<12, 12 years, and >12 years)
b“Nutrient balanced pattern” (PC1) factor score tertiles: T1 (-4.7 to -0.9 points); T2 (-0.9 to 0.6 points); T3 (0.6 to 9.9 points)
*Statistically significant p ≤ 0.001
¥Significant linear trend across all quintiles (p ≤ 0.001), both in unadjusted and models adjusted for sex, age group, race/ethnicity, ratio of family income to poverty, and educational attainment