Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients by LDL-C Reduction Group (<50% vs. ≥50%)
| LDL-C reduction <50% (n = 242) | LDL-C reduction ≥50% (n = 151) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 152 (62.8%) | 99 (65.6%) | 0.58 |
| Age (years) | 63.2 ± 13 | 66.4 ± 12.1 | 0.02 |
| Duration of DM (mo, median) | 13 | 13 | 0.29 |
| Duration of statin usage (mo, median) | 56 | 88 | <0.01 |
| Smoking | 7/215 (3.3%) | 3/133 (2.3%) | 0.86 |
| Alcohol | 17/213 (8.0%) | 10/132 (7.6%) | 0.89 |
| Family history of CHD | 1/112 (0.9%) | 4/72 (5.6%) | 0.08 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 4.9 | 26.6 ± 6.8 | 0.58 |
| Weight before statin treatment (kg) | 65.9 ± 12.6 | 67.4 ± 13.9 | 0.28 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.6 ± 11.9 | 91.2 ± 10.4 | 0.19 |
| Weight reduction | 87/227 (38.3%) | 68/138 (49.3%) | 0.04 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131.8 ± 14.3 | 74.9 ± 11.3 | 0.11 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.9 ± 11.3 | 73.8 ± 10.8 | 0.33 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| CHD | 35/242 (14.5%) | 20/151 (13.2%) | 0.74 |
| Stroke | 18/242 (7.4%) | 9/151 (6.0%) | 0.57 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 6/242 (2.5%) | 5/151 (3.3%) | 0.63 |
| Aortic aneurysm | 2/242 (0.8%) | 0/151 (0.0%) | 0.26 |
| Hypertension | 167/242 (69.0%) | 124/151 (82.0%) | <0.01 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 65/242 (26.9%) | 40/151 (26.5%) | 0.94 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 0.79 | ||
| Normal | 135/206 (65.5%) | 94/136 (69.1%) | |
| NPDR | 51/206 (24.8%) | 30/136 (22.1%) | |
| PDR | 20/206 (9.7%) | 12/136 (8.8%) | |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 0.75 | ||
| Normal | 75/105 (71.4%) | 43/58 (74.1%) | |
| Impaired Monofilament | 21/105 (20.0%) | 9/58 (15.5%) | |
| Foot ulcer | 9/105 (8.6%) | 6/58 (10.4%) | |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 0.93 | ||
| MAU ≥ 30 mg/g creatinine | 71/175 (40.6%) | 48/117 (41.0%) | |
| MAU < 30 mg/g creatinine | 104/175 (59.4%) | 69/117 (59.0%) | |
| Statin potency | 0.19 | ||
| Low-intensity statin users | 106/242 (43.8%) | 56/151 (37.1%) | |
| Moderate-intensity statin users | 136/242 (56.2%) | 95/151 (62.9%) | |
| Pre-statin blood chemistry | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 204.7 ± 43.8 | 242.4 ± 39.1 | <0.01 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 153.5 ± 81.0 | 161.8 ± 74.6 | 0.35 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 50.9 ± 16.3 | 51.1 ± 13.1 | 0.95 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 125.7 ± 34.1 | 160.0 ± 33.2 | <0.01 |
| HbA1C (%) | 8.3 ± 2.0 | 7.7 ± 1.6 | <0.01 |
| FBS (mg/dl, median) | 158.9 | 169.4 | 0.32 |
Data presented as mean ± SD or median; p-value < 0.05 indicates statistical significance
CHD, coronary heart disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; DR, diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; MAU, microalbuminuria; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBS, fasting blood sugar