Table 3.
Odds ratios for use of each category of psychotropic drugs at one time point given use of the same category of the psychotropic drug at an earlier time point (the distance between time points is called lag), unadjusted and adjusted analyses where relevant covariates adjusted for were measured at the same earlier time
| Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Lag 1, N = 1406 observations | ||||
| Antipsychoticsa | 30.7 (21.8; 43.1) | <0.001 | 28.8 (20.31; 40.8) | <0.001 |
| Antidepressantsb | 32.6 (23.8; 44.8) | <0.001 | 34.1 (24.6; 47.4) | <0.001 |
| Anxiolyticsc | 33.1 (23.7; 46.2) | <0.001 | 32.2 (23.1; 45.0) | <0.001 |
| Sedativesd | 22.6 (15.6; 30.8) | <0.001 | 23.1 (16.8; 31.7) | <0.001 |
| Lag 2, N = 654 observations | ||||
| Antipsychoticse | 13.3 (8.3; 21.4) | <0.001 | 13.5 (8.1; 22.3) | <0.001 |
| Antidepressantsf | 15.5 (9.9; 24.2) | <0.001 | 16.0 (10.2; 25.3) | <0.001 |
| Anxiolyticsg | 21.4 (12.8; 35.7) | <0.001 | 23.4 (13.9; 39.6) | <0.001 |
| Sedativesh | 9.3 (5.9; 14.4) | <0.001 | 9.4 (5.9; 14.8) | <0.001 |
| Lag 3, N = 288 observations | ||||
| Antipsychoticsi | 16.5 (7.5; 36.3) | <0.001 | 17.9 (7.5; 42.4) | <0.001 |
| Antidepressantsj | 10.0 (4.9; 20.4) | <0.001 | 12.6 (5.8; 27.2) | <0.001 |
| Anxiolyticsk | 14.4 (6.5; 32.1) | <0.001 | 14.3 (7.0; 29.2) | <0.001 |
| Sedativesl | 7.0 (3.6; 13.9) | <0.001 | 6.4 (3.2; 12.6) | <0.001 |
Lag 1: two consecutive assessment time points
Lag 2: one time point between selected time points
Lag 3: two time points between selected time points
aAdjusted for: PSMS score, NPI Agitation sub-syndrome, NPI Psychosis sub-syndrome, NPI Affective sub-syndrome, NH size age and duration in NH
bAdjusted for: PSMS score, NPI- Affective sub-syndrome, NPI Apathy and duration in NH
cAdjusted for CDR sum of boxes, NPI- Affective sub-syndrome and level of education
dAdjusted for PSMS score, NPI Apathy and duration in NH
eAdjusted for PSMS score, NPI Psychosis sub-syndrome, NPI Apathy, Type of nursing home and age
fAdjusted for: CDR sum of boxes, PSMS score and NPI- Affective sub-syndrome
gAdjusted for CDR sum of boxes, PSMS score and level of education
hAdjusted for CDR sum of boxes, PSMS and age
iAdjusted for PSMS score and age
jAdjusted for: CDR sum of boxes, NPI- Affective sub-syndrome and NPI Apathy
kAdjusted for NPI Agitation sub-syndrome, NPI Psychosis sub-syndrome, NPI Affective sub-syndrome, NPI Apathy, level of education and Type of nursing home unit
lAdjusted for CDR sum of boxes, NPI Psychosis sub-syndrome and Nursing home size