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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Violence Against Women. 2016 Feb 23;22(13):1621–1641. doi: 10.1177/1077801216628690

Table 3.

Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), Listed with Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs)

Sociodemographic Variables Physical Violence
Sexual Violence
OR 95% CI p OR 95% CI p
Age 0.97 0.93-1.00 0.059 0.97 0.93-1.01 0.146
Place of residence (Urban) 1.09 0.80-1.49 0.577 0.94 0.66-1.35 0.729
Educational status
 No formal education 7.07 1.51-33.06 0.013 2.09 0.60-7.30 0.247
 Primary 6.38 1.37-29.81 0.019 1.85 0.53-6.48 0.334
 Secondary 6.32 1.38-28.89 0.017 2.81 0.85-9.34 0.092
 Higher - - - - - -
Unemployed 1.10 0.83-1.46 0.505 0.78 0.56-1.09 0.145
Husband’s educational status
 No formal education 3.40 1.76-6.57 <0.001 4.21 1.97-9.04 <0.001
 Primary 2.41 1.27-4.60 0.007 2.50 1.18-5.28 0.016
 Secondary 1.99 1.08-3.66 0.027 1.91 0.95-3.84 0.071
 Higher - - - - - -
Educational disparity 1.14 0.97-1.35 0.122 1.23 1.01-1.51 0.043
Wealth index
 Poorest 0.90 0.56-1.44 0.649 0.47 0.28-0.80 0.005
 Poorer 1.26 0.79-2.02 0.335 0.72 0.43-1.22 0.224
 Middle 1.60 1.02-2.49 0.039 0.72 0.43-1.18 0.196
 Richer 1.64 1.07-2.52 0.022 0.87 0.54-1.39 0.554
 Richest - - - - - -
Cohabitation duration (years)
 0 – 4 0.38 0.14-1.04 0.059 0.72 0.22-2.29 0.573
 5 – 9 0.73 0.31-1.69 0.460 0.94 0.35-2.53 0.898
 10 – 14 1.18 0.59-2.36 0.637 1.05 0.46-2.39 0.906
 15 – 19 0.99 0.57-1.72 0.961 1.35 0.71-2.60 0.363
 20 – 24 1.19 0.75-1.89 0.485 1.15 0.66-1.98 0.626
 25 + - - - - - -
Husband with single wife 0.75 0.44-1.27 0.276 1.19 0.62-2.30 0.604
Husband ever drunk
 Never 0.57 0.43-0.76 <0.001 0.56 0.40-0.80 0.001
 Often 4.50 3.22-6.30 <0.001 3.20 2.26-4.52 <0.001
 Sometimes - - - - - -