Table 1.
Main results of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VADT trials
| ACCORD3N= 10 251 | ADVANCE4N= 11 140 | VADT5N= 1791 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Δ HbA1c versus control | −1.1% | −0.8% | −1.5% | |||
| Primary outcome | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
| 0.90 (0.78 to 1.04)a | 0.16 | 0.94 (0.82 to 0.98b | 0.01 | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.05)c | 0.14 | |
| MI + stroke + CV death | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.04) | 0.16 | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.16) | 0.31 | NA | |
| Death | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.46) | 0.04 | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.06) | 0.28 | 1.07 (0.81 to 1.42) | 0.62 |
| CV mortality | 1.35 (1.04 to 1.76) | 0.02 | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.02) | 0.12 | 1.32 (0.81 to 2.14) | 0.26 |
| Non-fatal MI | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.92) | 0.004 | 1.02 (0.77 to 1.22) | 0.86 | 0.82 (0.59 to 1.14) | 0.24 |
| Non-fatal stroke | 1.06 (0.75 to 1.50) | 0.74 | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.15) | NR | 0.78 (0.48 to 1.28) | 0.32 |
| Severe hypoglycaemia | 3.00 (2.55 to 3.54) | <0.0005 | 1.86 (1.42 to 2.80) | <0.001 | 3.52 (2.50 to 5.31) | <0.005 |
a
MI + stroke + CV death.
b
‘Major vascular events’: MI + stroke + CV death + new or worsening nephropathy (albumin–creatinine ratio >300 µg of albumin per milligram of creatinine or doubling of the serum creatinine level to at least 2.26 mg per decilitre or need for renal-replacement therapy, or death due to renal disease) + retinopathy (development of proliferative retinopathy, or macular oedema or diabetes-related blindness, or the use of retinal photocoagulation therapy).
c
MI + stroke + CV death + heart failure + angina + vascular surgery + amputation. CV = cardiovascular. HR = hazard ratio. MI = myocardial infarction. NR = not reported. Bold = significant.