Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the total study cohort and the two patient subgroups
| Clinical characteristics | All patients (n=305) |
Subgroup of patients aged 65–82 years (n=139) |
Subgroup of patients aged ≥83 years or older (n=166) |
P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 82.9±6.4 (n=305) | 77.1±3.9 (n=139) | 87.7±3.4 (n=166) | <0.001 |
| Female | 67.9 (207) (n=305) | 66.2 (92) (n=139) | 69.3 (115) (n=166) | 0.565 |
| Height (cm) | 163±9.7 (n=305) | 165±9.5 (n=139) | 162±9.6 (n=166) | 0.005 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.2±16 (n=305) | 79.3±17 (n=139) | 68.0±13 (n=166) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5±5.6 (n=305) | 29.3±6.1 (n=139) | 26.0±4.5 (n=166) | <0.001 |
| MMSE (points) | 25.5±4.6 (n=299) | 25.3±4.2 (n=135) | 25.6±4.8 (n=164) | 0.359 |
| GDS (points) | 2.98±3.0 (n=297) | 4.03±3.4 (n=134) | 3.93±2.7 (n=163) | 0.866 |
| Congestive heart failure | 47.5 (145) (n=305) | 40.3 (56) (n=139) | 53.6 (89) (n=166) | 0.020 |
| Heart attack | 13.8 (42) (n=305) | 10.8 (15) (n=139) | 16.3 (27) (n=166) | 0.167 |
| Stroke | 20.3 (62) (n=305) | 20.9 (29) (n=139) | 19.9 (33) (n=166) | 0.832 |
| Cancer | 14.4 (44) (n=305) | 10.8 (15) (n=139) | 17.5 (29) (n=166) | 0.098 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 38.4 (117) (n=305) | 41.7 (58) (n=139) | 35.5 (59) (n=166) | 0.269 |
| Lung disease | 16.7 (51) (n=305) | 22.3 (31) (n=139) | 12.0 (20) (n=166) | 0.017 |
| Kidney disease | 64.9 (198) (n=305) | 59.0 (82) (n=139) | 69.9 (116) (n=166) | 0.047 |
| Urinary incontinence or catheterized | 23.6 (72) (n=305) | 19.4 (27) (n=139) | 27.1 (45) (n=166) | 0.116 |
| Bowel incontinence | 8.2 (25) (n=305) | 4.3 (6) (n=139) | 11.4 (19) (n=166) | 0.024 |
| More than five medications | 96.1 (293) (n=305) | 95.7 (133) (n=139) | 96.4 (160) (n=166) | 0.753 |
| Institutionalized | 16.1 (49) (n=305) | 10.8 (15) (n=139) | 20.5 (34) (n=166) | 0.022 |
| CFS-7 (category) | 5.34±1.2 (n=305) | 5.13±1.2 (n=139) | 5.52±1.2 (n=166) | 0.007 |
| FI (−) | 0.34±0.2 (n=305) | 0.32±0.16 (n=139) | 0.36±0.15 (n=166) | 0.008 |
| FRAIL scale components (number) | 1.89±1.2 (n=305) | 1.75±1.3 (n=139) | 2.02±1.3 (n=166) | 0.070 |
| CIRS-G (points) | 17.5±5.6 (n=305) | 16.7±5.6 (n=139) | 18.2±5.5 (n=166) | 0.037 |
| Comorbidity-D-FI (−) | 0.30±0.1 (n=305) | 0.29±0.1 (n=139) | 0.31±0.1 (n=166) | 0.087 |
| ADL-Katz (points) | 2.1±1.9 (n=305) | 1.78±1.8 (n=139) | 2.34±1.9 (n=166) | 0.005 |
| IADL/ADL-D-FI (−) | 0.41±0.28 (n=305) | 0.38±0.3 (n=139) | 0.44±0.3 (n=166) | 0.040 |
| Mortality during 1-year follow-up | 20.3 (62) (n=305) | 13.7 (19) (n=139) | 25.9 (43) (n=166) | 0.008 |
Notes: Data shown as mean ± SD (total patient number) or percentage (n) (total patient number).
P-value reported for comparison of patients aged between 65 and 82 years versus patients aged ≥83 years. (−) indicates no unit of measurement.
Abbreviations: ADL, basic activities of daily living; ADL-Katz, disability burden based on the six ADLs of the Katz index; BMI, body mass index; CFS-7, Canadian Study on Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; CIRS-G, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics; Comorbidity-D-FI, Comorbidity domain of the frailty index; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; IADL/ADL-D-FI, IADL/ADL domain of the frailty index; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; FI, frailty index.