Table 3.

Summary of policy-making processes of “safety belt” and “pupil liaisons” policies in Iran

Policies	Safety belt policy	Pupil liaisons
Agenda setting	Increase RTIs, The identification of safety belt as an effective tool for reducing damages in accidents, The need for increasing safety equipment in vehicles, Pressure from actors	Increase RTIs, The need for the participation of people, The need for encouraging children to observe safety issues, The need for inter-sectional cooperation, The role of children in the implementation of traffic laws
Policy formulation	Policy offer: by Traffic Police, Approval of law: in parliament (Majlis), Designing an executive directive: by Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Industry and Mines, Ministry of Roads and Transportation, Approval of executive directive: by board of government	By Traffic Police and Ministry of Education
Policy implementation	Coercion to using safety belt: from up to down model by Traffic police	Voluntary. Parallel (up to down and down to up)
Policy evaluation	The results of a 2009 study conducted by Soori et al. showed that after the implementation of “safety belt” law, the percentage of deaths caused by accidents reduced from 13% in the first year to 9.7% in the second year (20)	The results of a 2010 study conducted by Soori et al showed that after the implementation of “pupil liaisons” policy, number of penalties reduction was 17.9% (19)