Table 4. Cox proportional hazards regression of all-cause mortality for mid-arm muscle circumference in the US female individuals.

Models a	Tertiles of mid-arm muscle circumference	Hazard Ratio(95%CI)	P -value
Model 1	• T2 v.s. T1 • T3 v.s. T1	• 0.78 (0.65–0.94) • 0.88 (0.74–1.04)	• 0.008 • 0.125
Model 2	• T2 v.s. T1 • T3 v.s. T1	• 0.84(0.69–1.02) • 0.99(0.80–1.23)	• 0.074 • 0.940
Model 3	• T2 v.s. T1 • T3 v.s. T1	• 0.80(0.66–0.98) • 0.95(0.76–1.18)	• 0.027 • 0.632
Model 4	• T2 v.s. T1 • T3 v.s. T1	• 0.81(0.67–0.99) • 0.92(0.74–1.14)	• 0.036 • 0.450
Model 5	• T2 v.s. T1 • T3 v.s. T1	• 0.84(0.69–1.02) • 0.94(0.75–1.17)	• 0.075 • 0.583

^a Adjusted covariates:

Model 1 = Unadjusted.

Model 2 = Adjustment for age, race, sex, BMI and waist circumference.

Model 3 = Model 2 + serum total cholesterol, serum HDL, serum glucose, C-reactive protein, serum uric acid, and serum total bilirubin.

Model 4 = Model 3 + systolic blood pressure, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure.

Model 5 = Model 4 + (serum albumin, marital status, number of prescription medications taken).