Table 1. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of study patients after propensity score matching.
| Variablesa | TBI (n = 32,152) | Non-TBI (n = 128,608) | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.9 ± 19.1 | 45.8 ± 19.0 | 0.430 |
| Male | 17636 (54.9%) | 70544 (54.9%) | 1.000 |
| Monthly income (NTD) | 14500.6 ± 11692.7 | 17199.2 ± 15646.4 | <0.001 |
| Number of outpatient visits in the past year | 16.1 ± 16.9 | 13.4 ± 14.4 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 5802 (18.1%) | 23309 (18.1%) | 0.744 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2703 (8.4%) | 9912 (7.7%) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 2164 (6.7%) | 8993 (7.0%) | 0.098 |
| CAD | 1605 (5.0%) | 6701 (5.2%) | 0.113 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 787 (2.5%) | 3045 (2.4%) | 0.400 |
| Stroke | 1381 (4.3%) | 5500 (4.3%) | 0.883 |
| PAOD | 140 (0.44%) | 486 (0.4%) | 0.138 |
| Anemia | 550 (1.7%) | 2020 (1.6%) | 0.074 |
| Gout | 1120 (3.5%) | 4811 (3.7%) | 0.029 |
| CCI score | 2.22±2.33 | 1.75±2.12 | <0.001 |
| Medications | |||
| ACEIs or ARBs | 2316 (7.2%) | 9606 (7.5%) | 0.104 |
| NSAIDs | 272 (0.9%) | 1090 (0.9%) | 0.978 |
| Anti-gout agents | 840 (2.6%) | 3466 (2.7%) | 0.413 |
| Outcomes in the follow-up period | |||
| Incident CKD | 1966 (6.1%) | 6448 (5.0%) | <0.001 |
| ESRD | 104 (0.32%) | 365 (0.28%) | 0.238 |
| Composite endpointc | 1312 (4.1%) | 4094 (3.2%) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB, Angiotensin II receptor blocker; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NTD, new Taiwan dollars; PAOD, peripheral artery occlusive disease; SD, standard deviation; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
aVariables are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%).
b2-sided t test or χ2 test between TBI and non-TBI cohorts.
cComposite endpoint of ESRD or an all-cause death prior to dialysis.