Table 4.

Effects of early fearlessness and parenting on child callous-unemotional, attention-deficit, and oppositional behaviors.

	Within three-factor model (Figure 1)
	Attention-deficit behaviors		Oppositional behaviors		Callous- unemotional behaviors
All paths examined simultaneously	B (SE)	β	B (SE)	β	B (SE)	β
Covariates (18 or 24 months)
Child race	.01 (.14)	.003	.13 (.14)	.06	−.03 (.16)	−.01
Family income	.004 (.12)	.002	−.14 (.11)	−.08	−.04 (.13)	−.02
Neighborhood risk	.04 (.08)	.04	.04 (.07)	.04	.06 (.08)	.05
Maternal low empathy	.001 (.01)	−.002	−.03 (.02)	−.11	.04 (.02)	.14*
Maternal aggressive traits	.06 (.03)	.17*	.10 (.03)	.27***	.08 (.03)	.21**
Main effects (24 months)
Child fearlessness	.06 (.08)	.06	.06 (.08)	.05	−.06 (.09)	−.06
Harsh parenting	−.01 (.02)	−.02	−.02 (.02)	−.04	−.04 (.02)	−.11
Positive parenting	−.09 (.04)	−.16*	−.07 (.04)	−.12†	−.10 (.04)	−.17*
Interactions (24 months)
Child fearlessness × harsh parenting	.04 (.02)	.11†	.01 (.02)	.03 (.07)	−.01 (.04)	−.02
Child fearlessness × positive parenting	−.04 (.04)	−.07	−.06 (.04)	−.12 (.08)	−.16 (.06)	−.28**

Note.

^†p<.10,

^*p< .05,

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001.