Table 6.

Effects of IM on ratings by rater of performance and target of IM.

Analysis category	k	n	Impact of IM on ratings				% var	80% CV		95% CI
			obs-r	SDr	rc	SDrc		Lower	Upper	Lower	Upper
Interviewa	32	3,792	0.16	0.16	0.22	0.22	0.17	−0.07	0.50	0.14	0.29
Rater: target of IM	23	2,658	0.20	0.15	0.27	0.19	0.24	0.03	0.51	0.19	0.35
Self-focused	15	1,777	0.22	0.14	0.30	0.19	0.24	0.06	0.54	0.21	0.40
Other-focused	8	881	0.15	0.15	0.21	0.17	0.30	−0.02	0.43	0.09	0.33
Rater: observer	8	943	0.08	0.16	0.11	0.26	0.13	−0.21	0.44	−0.06	0.29
Self-focused	4	547	0.09	0.21	0.13	0.33	0.06	−0.29	0.56	−0.19	0.46
Other-focused	4	396	0.08	0.04	0.09	0.05	4.37	0.03	0.15	0.04	0.13
Job performancea	10	4,843	0.21	0.10	0.24	0.11	0.17	0.10	0.38	0.17	0.31
Rater: target of IM	8	1,019	0.08	0.11	0.16	0.16	0.30	−0.05	0.37	0.05	0.27
Self-focused	5	631	0.03	0.11	0.09	0.16	0.32	−0.12	0.29	−0.05	0.23
Other-focused	3	388	0.15	0.05	0.28	0.06	1.86	0.20	0.36	0.21	0.35
Rater: observer	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Self-focused	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Other-focused	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

k, number of correlations; n, number of subjects for analysis of correlations; obs-r, observed sample-weighted mean correlation; SDr, observed sample-weighted mean standard deviation; r_c, sample-weighted mean correlation corrected for criterion unreliability; SDr_c, sample-weighted mean standard deviation corrected for criterion unreliability; % var, percent variance explained by artifacts; CV, credibility value; CI, confidence interval. A dash (−) in the table indicates data was not available.

^aThree studies that met these criteria were missing data and could not be included in the moderation analysis.