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. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):54–66. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.54

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©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Generation and characterization of IONP-LPrA2. A: Conjugation of IONP-LPrA2. LPrA2 was conjugated to IONPs via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDAC), which activates the carboxyl group on the IONP surface allowing it to form a covalent bond with the amino group of LPrA2 (displayed by TEM, transmission electron microscopy, Ocean Nanotech); B: Western blot confirmation of IONP-LPrA2 conjugation. Conjugated IONP-LPrA2 (100 kD) was detected by Western blot with an LPrA2 antibody, purified from antigen injected rabbit bleeds. Unconjugated LPrA2 (3 kD) and the scrambled peptide LPrA2-Sc (3 kD) served as positive and negative controls, respectively; C: NanoSight analysis of unconjugated and conjugated IONPs. The particle size of unconjugated IONP (14 nm) shown in black and the conjugated IONP-LPrA2 (20 nm) shown in red were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. The hyperbolic curve shows that the particles are 100% homogeneous.