(A–D) The VPC results of the IDR model in BALB/c nude mice bearing an A549 xenograft using a simulation that was conducted 1000 times: (A) Control group, (B) 36 mg/kg Ethaselen, (C) 72 mg/kg ethaselen, (D) 108 mg/kg ethaselen. (E–H) The VPC results of the integrated dose-biomarker-response models in BALB/c nude mice bearing an A549 xenograft using a simulation that was conducted 1000 times: (E) Control group, (F) 36 mg/kg ethaselen, (G) 72 mg/kg ethaselen, (H) 108 mg/kg ethaselen. The range between the dashed lines represents the 80% confidence intervals, the solid lines are the medians of the simulated data, and the solid dots are the observed data.