Mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with the SIRT1 inhibitor sirtinol (10 mg/kg) 30 min or the p38 inhibitor SB203580 (200 μg/kg) 30 min before LFP-induced TBI. After 12 h, rats were sacrificed. (A–E) represent the sham group, TBI group, TBI+DMSO group, TBI+sirtinol group and TBI+SB203580, respectively. There was no difference between the TBI and the TBI+DMSO groups. Mitochondria are with poorly defined cristae in the TBI and TBI+DMSO group (B, C), the SIRT1 inhibitor exacerbated these alterations (C), while the p-38 inhibitor could partially alleviate mitochondria damage. n=3/group.