Table 3.
Exclusive E-Cigarette use groups |
Dual use groups |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biomarker | Classic tobacco rechargeable N = 15 | Cherry rechargeable N = 13 | TCherry disposable N = 13 | Classic tobacco rechargeable N = 14 | Cherry rechargeable N = 15 | Cherry disposable N = 13 | Nicotine cessation N = 13 |
NNAL (ng/24 h) | |||||||
Day −1 | 427.6 ± 218.8 | 383.7 ± 178.8 | 299.1 ± 165.0 | 430.8 ± 217.1 | 422.0 ± 257.5 | 343.3 ± 123.3 | 481.6 ± 377.5 |
Day 5 | 174.3 ± 144.6 | 149.2 ± 80.3 | 111.1 ± 68.9 | 328.6 ± 178.9 | 321.1 ± 177.3 | 269.2 ± 96.3 | 175.1 ± 140.8 |
p value Day −1 vs Day 5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0063 | 0.0042 | 0.0028 | 0.0004 |
p value Day 5 vs Cessation | 0.1940 | 0.2456 | 0.2593 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NA |
3-HPMA (μg/24 h) | |||||||
Day −1 | 1521.7 ± 820.0 | 1903.0 ± 1132.7 | 1353.7 ± 598.8 | 1644.1 ± 501.3 | 1474.6 ± 519.9 | 1489.5 ± 567.1 | 2004.1 ± 1137.8 |
Day 5 | 214.4 ± 94.3 | 263.1 ± 64.7 | 246.7 ± 101.5 | 1046.2 ± 360.6 | 1070.7 ± 342.2 | 1155.4 ± 368.5 | 228.8 ± 84.2 |
p value Day −1 vs Day 5 | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0009 | 0.0062 | <.0001 |
p value Day 5 vs Cessation | 0.5137 | 0.6099 | 0.3194 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NA |
HMPMA (μg/24 h) | |||||||
Day −1 | 523.8 ± 225.3 | 657.2 ± 328.9 | 533.4 ± 208.3 | 590.7 ± 178.7 | 597.5 ± 198.0 | 504.5 ± 167.1 | 797.7 ± 429.4 |
Day 5 | 71.3 ± 33.1 | 83.2 ± 32.3 | 78.0 ± 20.7 | 391.8 ± 151.2 | 394.6 ± 119.3 | 386.8 ± 94.1 | 78.1 ± 18.6 |
p-value Day −1 vs Day 5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0094 | <.0001 |
p-value Day 5 vs Cessation | 0.4785 | 0.5206 | 0.4211 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NA |
CEMA (μg/24 h) | |||||||
Day −1 | 219.7 ± 98.5 | 266.1 ± 140.9 | 201.0 ± 72.8 | 256.0 ± 97.9 | 246.2 ± 109.8 | 223.5 ± 61.6 | 289.7 ± 132.2 |
Day 5 | 33.4 ± 21.8 | 41.3 ± 30.4 | 25.9 ± 11.2 | 172.8 ± 72.1 | 168.3 ± 50.9 | 173.0 ± 63.7 | 41.0 ± 19.7 |
p value Day −1 vs Day 5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0010 | 0.0002 | <.0001 |
p value Day 5 vs Cessation | 0.2902 | 0.6357 | 0.4549 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NA |
1-OHP (ng/24 h) | |||||||
Day −1 | 317.4 ± 138.7 | 302.9 ± 171.5 | 260.9 ± 166.8 | 363.6 ± 174.1 | 294.5 ± 145.5 | 304.1 ± 122.7 | 364.0 ± 200.7 |
Day 5 | 93.7 ± 52.9 | 85.9 ± 32.2 | 90.6 ± 38.4 | 235.1 ± 121.1 | 206.3 ± 90.9 | 224.1 ± 89.5 | 108.2 ± 55.0 |
p value Day −1 vs Day 5 | <.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0007 | 0.0006 | 0.0004 | 0.0007 | <.0001 |
p value Day 5 vs Cessation | 0.8331 | 0.7524 | 0.4115 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NA |
NNN (ng/24 h) | |||||||
Day −1 | 18.6 ± 12.1 | 13.7 ± 11.5 | 13.9 ± 12.5 | 14.3 ± 8.6 | 12.3 ± 8.1 | 11.3 ± 5.4 | 16.2 ± 12.1 |
Day 5 | 1.2 ± 2.4 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 3.3 | 8.9 ± 7.7 | 7.6 ± 5.4 | 7.1 ± 3.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
p value Day −1 vs Day 5 | <.0001 | 0.0011 | 0.0045 | 0.0001 | 0.0019 | 0.0032 | 0.0005 |
p value Day 5 vs Cessation | 0.6402 | 0.6223 | 0.3974 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NA |
MHBMA (μg/24 h) | |||||||
Day −1 | 4.9 ± 3.5 | 5.9 ± 3.8 | 4.6 ± 3.2 | 5.0 ± 2.9 | 3.4 ± 2.5 | 4.5 ± 2.8 | 5.6 ± 3.6 |
Day 5 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 2.3 | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
p value Day −1 vs Day 5 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0006 | 0.0024 | 0.0320 | 0.1539 | 0.0002 |
p value Day 5 vs Cessation | 0.8548 | 0.8106 | 0.7313 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NA |
S-PMA (μg/24 h) | |||||||
Day −1 | 6.3 ± 3.7 | 8.1 ± 4.9 | 6.3 ± 3.9 | 7.0 ± 4.4 | 4.9 ± 3.5 | 6.9 ± 5.5 | 7.6 ± 4.3 |
Day 5 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 3.3 | 3.6 ± 2.3 | 6.0 ± 4.6 | 0.3 ± 0.2 |
p value Day −1 vs Day 5 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0031 | 0.0055 | 0.0072 | <0.0001 |
p value Day 5 vs Cessation | 0.5274 | 0.7602 | 0.4430 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NA |
Nicotine equivalents a (mg/24 h) | |||||||
Day −1 | 17.0 ± 6.6 | 17.6 ± 8.7 | 14.5 ± 4.4 | 16.6 ± 5.5 | 16.0 ± 6.2 | 15.7 ± 3.9 | 20.0 ± 8.9 |
Day 5 | 10.7 ± 9.1 | 12.7 ± 9.7 | 10.5 ± 9.6 | 18.4 ± 7.2 | 15.9 ± 5.5 | 15.8 ± 5.0 | 0.5 ± 0.2 |
p value Day −1 vs Day 5 | 0.0115 | 0.0415 | 0.0033 | 0.4188 | 0.9103 | 0.8519 | <.0001 |
p value Day 5 vs Cessation | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NA |
Values are presented as mean ± SD.
Nicotine equivalents: calculated as the molar sum of nicotine and five major nicotine metabolites (nicotine gluc, cotinine, cotinine-gluc, trans-3’-hydroxycotinine; trans-3’-hydroxycotinine-gluc) excreted in urine over 24 h and reported as nicotine equivalents (mg/24 h). Nicotine equivalents (mg/24 h) = [nicotine (mg/162.23 (mg/mmol) + nicotine-gluc (mg/338.36 (mg/mmol) + cotinine (mg/176.22 (mg/mmol) + cotinine-gluc (mg/352.34 (mg/mmol) + trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (mg/192.22 (mg/mmol) + trans-3'-hydroxycotinine-gluc (mg/368.34 (mg/mmol)] × 162.23 (mg/mmol)].