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. 2016 Apr 26;26(6):392–416. doi: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1170251

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© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

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Figure 16. — Cytotoxicity and secretion of mediators following 100% ENDS aerosol exposure as compared with 3R4F smoke in a 3D bronchial culture model. A, normalized cytotoxicity levels were evaluated by measuring adenylate kinase (AK) activity in the basolateral media after the cultures were exposed to e-cig aerosol and 3R4F smoke. Triton-X treated cultures were considered as 100% cytotoxicity. B, Fold changes of various mediators were measured in the basolateral media of the cultures at 24 h post-exposure using a Luminex-based technology. Abbreviations: CCL: chemokine C-C Motif Ligand; CSF: colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL: interleukin; IP-10; interferon gamma-induced protein 10; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP3a: macrophage inflammatory protein; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; Rantes: regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; sICAM1: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; TIMP1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; TNFA: tumor necrosis factor alpha; TSLP: thymic stromal lymphopoietin; VEGFA: vascular endothelial growth factor.