Ad5-elicited CD4 T cells are less proliferative than those induced by LCMV infection. Cell trace violet (CTV)-labeled SMARTA CD4 T cells (CD45.1+) were transferred into C57BL/6 mice (CD45.2+) that were subsequently immunized with Ad5-LCMV GP vectors, infected with LCMV, or not immunized or infected. Three and 4 days later, proliferation of SMARTA CD4 T cells from the spleen was analyzed. (A) Experimental setup. (B, left) Proliferation of SMARTA CD4 T cells. Representative histograms gated on SMARTA CD4 T cells show the cell trace violet intensity distribution. (Right) The absolute number of SMARTA CD4 T cells. Data are representative of 2 independent experiments with 2 to 4 mice per group per experiment. Error bars indicate standard errors of the means. ***, P < 0.001.