Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Overall (n = 120,752) | Any financial barrier (n = 12,303)* | No financial barrier (n = 108,449) | p (chi square) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Age | 45–64 years | 50,228 | 41.6 | 7470 | 60.7 | 42,758 | 39.4 | <0.001 |
| 65–74 years | 33,951 | 28.1 | 2766 | 22.5 | 31,185 | 28.8 | ||
| 75+ | 36,573 | 30.3 | 2067 | 16.8 | 34,506 | 31.8 | ||
| Demographic characteristics | Sex: male | 53,098 | 44.0 | 4882 | 39.7 | 48,216 | 44.5 | <0.001 |
| Marital Status: married | 67,725 | 56.1 | 5010 | 40.8 | 62,715 | 57.9 | <0.001 | |
| Residence: rural | 34,386 | 28.5 | 3320 | 27.0 | 31,066 | 28.7 | <0.001 | |
| Ethnicity | White | 111,639 | 92.8 | 10,690 | 87.4 | 100,949 | 93.5 | <0.001 |
| Indigenous | 3030 | 2.5 | 717 | 5.9 | 2313 | 2.1 | ||
| Other | 5585 | 4.6 | 831 | 6.8 | 4754 | 4.4 | ||
| Not stated | 498 | 65 | 433 | |||||
| Household income ($ CAD) | 0–29,999 | 44,638 | 43.9 | 8108 | 72.2 | 36,530 | 40.4 | <0.001 |
| 30,000–49,999 | 25,802 | 25.4 | 1942 | 17.3 | 23,860 | 26.4 | ||
| 50,000–69,999 | 18,630 | 18.3 | 818 | 7.3 | 17,812 | 19.7 | ||
| 70,000 + | 12,628 | 12.4 | 367 | 3.2 | 12,261 | 13.5 | ||
| Not stated | 19,054 | 1068 | 17,986 | |||||
| Education | Less than secondary | 42,199 | 35.3 | 5248 | 43.0 | 36,951 | 34.4 | <0.001 |
| Secondary graduate | 26,026 | 21.8 | 2545 | 20.9 | 23,481 | 21.9 | ||
| Post-secondary graduate | 51,269 | 42.9 | 4398 | 36.1 | 46,871 | 43.7 | ||
| Not stated | 1258 | 112 | 1146 | |||||
| Smoking status | Current smoker | 49,309 | 40.8 | 4157 | 33.8 | 45,152 | 41.6 | <0.001 |
| Former smoker | 52,395 | 43.4 | 4423 | 36.0 | 47,972 | 44.2 | ||
| Never smoker | 19,048 | 15.8 | 3723 | 30.2 | 15,325 | 14.1 | ||
| Type of condition | Hypertension | 99,611 | 82.5 | 9962 | 81.0 | 89,649 | 82.7 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 30,055 | 24.9 | 3821 | 31.1 | 26,234 | 24.2 | <0.001 | |
| Heart disease | 32,319 | 26.8 | 3665 | 29.8 | 28,654 | 26.4 | <0.001 | |
| Stroke | 6976 | 5.8 | 1054 | 8.6 | 5922 | 5.5 | <0.001 | |
| Multimorbidity† | 39,612 | 32.8 | 4852 | 39.4 | 34,760 | 32.1 | <0.001 | |
| Mental illness‡ | 12,215 | 12.0 | 2787 | 28.2 | 9428 | 10.3 | <0.001 | |
| BMI class (corrected for self-report [35]) | Obese | 39,401 | 37.7 | 4904 | 45.7 | 34,497 | 39,401 | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 40,210 | 38.4 | 3468 | 32.3 | 36,742 | 40,210 | ||
| Normal/underweight | 24,991 | 23.9 | 2371 | 22.1 | 22,620 | 24,991 | ||
| Not stated | 16,150 | 1560 | 14,590 | 16,150 | ||||
| Self-perceived health | Excellent/very good | 40,378 | 33.5 | 2194 | 17.9 | 38,184 | 35.3 | <0.001 |
| Good | 42,725 | 35.4 | 3664 | 29.9 | 39,061 | 36.1 | ||
| Fair/poor | 37,453 | 31.1 | 6416 | 52.2 | 31,037 | 28.7 | ||
| Not stated | 196.0 | 29.0 | 167 | |||||
*Those who identified having at least one type of financial barrier to care - see Appendix
†Multimorbidity denotes those who have more than one of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and/or stroke
‡Mental illness denotes those who self-reported having either anxiety or mood disorders