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. 2017 Feb 14;15:35. doi: 10.1186/s12955-017-0611-2

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Annual indirect costs among respondents with IBS-D (diagnosed and undiagnosed) and controls^a.

^aIncludes employed respondents only (n = 557 for respondents with IBS-D, n = 33,414 for controls).*Difference significant at p < 0.05, adjusted for age, gender, income, education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, exercise activity, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Abbreviations: IBS-D irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, USD US dollars