Table 3.

Summary of biomarker measures of infants in the three study groups

Biomarker (mean ± SE)	Cer		Cer + Fr		M		P (within groups)	P (between groups)
	Before CFs	After CFs	Before CFs	After CFs	Before CFs	After CFs
Urinary F2-Isoprostane	N = 7	N = 7	N = 8	N = 8	N = 10	N = 10	0.3	0.5 (Cer vs M)
(ng/mg) (n = 25)	0.45 ± 0.81	0.52 ± 0.78	0.35 ± 0.47	0.41 ± 0.08	0.48 ± 0.14	0.68 ± 0.12		0.5 (Cer vs Cer + Fr)
Fecal iron	N = 22	N = 22	N = 26	N = 26	N = 29	N = 29	<0.001*	<0.001* (Cer vs M)
(Fe g/feces) (n = 77)	3.9 ± 0.37	5.6 ± 0.38	3.9 ± 0.32	4.7 ± 0.34	2.9 ± 0.25	3.7 ± 0.25		0.014* (Cer + Fr vs M)
Fecal ROS	N = 16	N = 16	N = 21	N = 21	N = 29	N = 29	0.002*	0.6 (Cer vs M)
(mmol/l) (n = 66)	0.024 ± 0.007	0.037 ± 0.006	0.014 ± 0.003	0.031 ± 0.005	0.023 ± 0.004	0.028 ± 0.003		0.3 (Cer vs Cer + Fr)
Fecal calprotectin	N = 14	N = 14	N = 19	N = 19	N = 10	N = 10	0.004*	0.07 (Cer vs Cer + Fr)
(mg/g feces) (n = 43)	111.0 ± 12	122.3 ± 13	93.73 ± 12	154.5 ± 23	108.1 ± 11	131.9 ± 18		0.9 (Cer vs M)

*: P < 0.05 by repeated measures ANOVA