Table 1.

Timeline of human salivary protein (http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/).

Proteins and peptides	Year	Amino acids	Functions
Statherin	1977	43	Potent inhibitor of calcium phosphate precipitation
α-Defensins (HNP-1-4)	1985	<50	Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities because of six cysteine disulfide bonds
Histatin-1	1988	38	Responsible for maintenance of oral hemostasis, role in forming acquired tooth pellicle and help in bonding of some metal ions
Histatin-3	1988	32	Responsible for maintenance of oral hemostasis, role in forming acquired tooth pellicle and help in bonding of some metal ions
Histatin-5	1988	24	Responsible for maintenance of oral hemostasis, role in forming acquired tooth pellicle and help in bonding of some metal ions
Adrenomedullin	1993	52	Mitogenic, inducible, vasodilator and antibacterial peptide
β-Defensins (hBD-1)	1995	36–47	Poor antibacterial activity, antiviral and antifungal activity, Also help in tissue repair
Cathelicidins (LL-37)	1995	37	Chemo-attractant to immune cells and act as “alarmin” by inducing immune response
β-Defensins (hBD-2)	1997	41	Antibacterial against Gram-negative and Gram-positive, antiviral and antifungal activity against HIV
β-Defensins (hBD-3)	2001	45	Antibacterial against Gram-negative and Gram-positive, also drug resistant microbes, chemo-attractant antiviral and antifungal activity
C-C motif Chemokine 28	2008	128	Act as chemokine, salt sensitive and broad spectral antibacterial
Azurocidin		251	Strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria
Neuropeptides	1997	–	They have five types; Substance P (SP), Neurokinin A (NKA), Calcitonin Gene
			Related Peptide (CGRP), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Vasoactive Intestinal
			Polypeptide (VIP), effective against Candida albicans and bacteria
Calprotectin	1999	93–114	Act as calcium sensors and potent zinc binder, also play role in tissue repair
Mucins	1990	3750	Aggregate oral flora bacteria and prevent dental caries