Fig. 1.

Specific cytokine/chemokine pattern in CSF from HAND patients compared with healthy donors. CSF from HAND patients (n = 30) and healthy donors (HD) (n = 10) were tested for their content in cytokines and chemokines with the MAP technology (27-plex). In addition, circulating residual HMGB1 and total (residual + HMGB1 bound) HMGB1-specific IgG antibodies were measured with an in-house ELISA assay, as described in M&M. Only 4 molecules, HMGB1, anti-HMGB1, IP-10 and MCP1, were significantly increased in CSF from HAND patients vs HD. Left panel: two-sided Mann-Whitney statistical comparison of CSF levels of the indicated molecules in HAND patients vs HD, p values are indicated. Right panel: CSF levels of the indicated molecules as a function of viral load, with a cut-off at 40 cp HIV-RNA/ml). Two-sided Mann-Whitney p values are indicated.