Table II.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Reference | Study design | Evidence level | Participants | Country | Risk factor | Strength of the association |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahldén et al., 2012 | Case series | 4 | 18.000 | Swedish | Previous ACL injury | Association |
| Allen et al., 2016 | Case-control | 4 | 90 female players (out of 180 athletes) | USA | Previous ACL injury | Association |
| Balazs et al., 2015 | Meta-analysis | 1 | 10 studies | USA | Synthetic surfaces | No association |
| Bjordal et al., 1997 | Retrospective cohort study | 4 | 176 patients with ACL reconstruction | Norway | Previous ACL injury | Association |
| Brophy et al., 2010 | Retrospective observational study | 4 | 93 (41 male, 52 female) | USA | Gender, dominant leg | Association |
| Brophy et al., 2015 | Case series | 4 | 55 videos of ACL injuries | USA | Gender, playing position | Association |
| Dragoo et al., 2012 | Descriptive epidemiology study | 5 | NCAA ISS men’s football database from the 2004–2005 through 2008–2009 seasons | Scrimmages compared with regular practices, | Association | |
| Faude et al., 2006 | Cohort study | 4 | 143 female players from the National League | Germany | Previous ACL injury, playing position | Association |
| Ficek et al., 2013 | Case-control | 4 | 91 polish professional soccer players | Poland | Genetic risk (COL1A1 polymorphism) | Association |
| Ficek et al., 2014 | Case-control | 4 | 91 male soccer players | Poland | Genetic risk (COL12A1 polymorphism) | No association |
| Hägglund and Waldén | Randomized controlled trial | 1 | 4.556 soccer players | Sweden | Familial predisposition | Association |
| Lundblad et al., 2016 | Case-control | 4 | 101 elite male soccer players | Sweden | Previous ACL injury | Association |
| Murray et al., 2016 | Retrospective cohort study | 4 | Four major high school sports in Minnesota | USA | Neuromuscular training | Association |
| Nicolini et al., 2014 | Cross-sectional study | 4 | 440 athletes from different sport activities | Brazil | Age and gender | Association |
| Prodromos et al., 2007 | Meta-analysis | 4 | 25 articles | USA | Gender | Association |
| Quisquater et al., 2013 | Retrospective database-based study | 4 | 56.364 injury reports | Belgium | Gender, age | Association |
| Roos et al., 1995 | Retrospective database-based study | 4 | 188,152 injuries reports | Sweden | Gender, age, playing position, experience | Association |
| Senişik et al., 2011 | Case-control | 4 | 64 elite soccer players | Turkey | Posterior tibial slope | Association |
| Söderman et al., 2001 | Randomized controlled trials | 1 | 221 female soccer players | Sweden | Anatomic and biomechanical factors | Association |
| Thomson et al., 2015 | Meta-analysis | 1 | 4,972 male athletes | UK | Shoe-surface traction | Association |
| Waldén et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | 4 | 1,357 European professional soccer players | Sweden | Regional differences (climatic factors) | Association |