Schematic showing (A) details of EphB4 and ephrinB2 structures, as well as (B) bidirectional signaling induced by EphB4-ephrinB2 binding. Panel (C) depicts pathways leading to selective EphB4 or ephrinB2 expression guiding arterial-venous differentiation. PBM, PDZ binding motif; SH2, SRC homology 2; RBD, receptor-binding domain; LBD, ligand-binding domain; CRD, cysteine-rich domain; Sushi, short consensus repeat (SCR); EGF, epithelial growth factor; FNIII, fibronectin III; SAM, sterile alpha motif (Pasquale, 2008; Boyd et al., 2014).