Table 4. ‘Asymptote’ models in SSA.
| Authors | Location | Period | sample size | End point | Significant covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anude et al. 2013 [43] | Nigeria | 2008–09 | 596 | CD4 count increase ≥50 cells/μL | Sex, Agebl, |
| Efraim et al. 2013 [46] | Tanzania | 2009–11 | 351 | Attain α, (1, 2) | Schistosome, BMIbl, CD4bl, EDUClevel |
| Hermans et al. 2010 [16] | Uganda | 2003–09 | 5982 | Attain α, (3) | TBincid, CD4bl, AZTbl |
| Diabaté et al. 2009 [44] | Ivory coast | 2005 | 303 | CD4 count increase ≥50 cells/μL | ARTadhere, TLCch |
| Wandeler et al. 2013 [14] | South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, and Lesotho | No details | 14529 | Attain α, (3) | AZTcr, sex, Agebl, CD4bl, HBbl, YrARTstart, Monitorstrat |
| Maskew et al. 2013 [49] | South Africa | 2001–08 | 8676 | CD4 count increase ≥50 cells/μL or ≥100 cells/μL | None reported |
| Nglazi et al. 2011 [45] | South Africa | 2002–08 | 3162 | CD4 ≤200 cells/μL at week 48 | Sex, Agebl, CD4bl, VLbl |
| Vinikoor et al. 2014 [37] | Zambia | 2004–10 | 43152 | Attain CD4 count ≥350 cells/μL | Agebl |
| McKinnon et al. 2010 [48] | Kenya | 2005–11 | 60 | Overall change in CD4 count | CD4nadir |
| Alemu et al. 2012 [47] | Ethiopia | 2009–10 | 1722 | Overall change in CD4 count | Depression, SOCIALsup |
| Crawford et al. 2015 [15] | Uganda | 2011 | 325 | Overall increase in CD4 count | CD4cr, ARTdura, Agebl, CAREsatisf, and TLCch HBch |
| Peterson et al. 2011 [21] | The Gambia | 2004–09 | 359 | Overall increase in CD4 count | HIVsubtype, ARTdura, and their interaction |
| Takuva et al. 2012 [50] | South Africa | 2004–09 | 1499 | CD4 count increase ≥50 cells/μL | None reported |
αWHO criteria;
1.CD4 cell count falls below baseline in the absence of other concurrent infections,
2.CD4 cell count is persistently below 100 cells/μL
3 Any one of the criteria above
Note: Agebl—baseline age; BMIbl—Body Mass Index; EDUClevel—level of education; CD4bl—baseline CD4count; CD4cr—current/most recent CD4 count; HBbl—hemoglobin level at ART start; HBch—change in hemoglobin; YrARTstart—year of ART start; ARTdura—duration on ART; AZTbl—exposure to zidovudine at baseline; AZTcr—current exposure to zidovudine; TBincid—incident tuberculosis; TLCch—change in total lymphocyte count; Monitorstrat—monitoring strategy (clinical or immunological or virological); Depression—symptoms depression while on ART; SOCIALsup—perceived social support; CAREsatisf—patient satisfaction with care; CD4nadir—nadir CD4 count; HIVsubtype—HIV-1 subtype