Table 5. Baseline imaging characteristics in HFpEF patients, stratified by tricuspid regurgitation severity.
| All (n = 175) | Non-significant TR (48.8%) | Significant TR (51.2%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echocardiography | ||||
| TR- dependent | ||||
| RA diameter (mm) | 63.0±9.6 | 59.4±7.9 | 66.7±10.0 | <0.001 |
| RA area (cm2) | 26.8±9.3 | 23.2±6.8 | 30.5±10.1 | <0.001 |
| RVEDD (mm) | 37.4±7.6 | 34.5±6.3 | 40.4±7.6 | <0.001 |
| RV FAC (%) | 41.0±12.8 | 44.4±12.5 | 37.6±12.3 | 0.001 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19.6±5.8 | 20.9±5.2 | 18.2±6.1 | 0.001 |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 60.0±17.8 | 52.4±15.7 | 65.8±17.2 | <0.001 |
| TR- independent | ||||
| LA diameter (mm) | 64.2±8.3 | 62.3±8.2 | 66.1±9.1 | 0.003 |
| LA area (cm2) | 29.3±7.1 | 28.0±6.9 | 30.7±7.0 | 0.020 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 45.1±5.8 | 45.2±6.0 | 45.0±5.6 | 0.790 |
| LVEF (%) | 60.4±9.4 | 61.4±10.5 | 59.2±8.2 | 0.263 |
| IVS (mm) | 12.6±2.0 | 12.9±2.0 | 12.4±1.9 | 0.027 |
| E/E’ | 16.2±7.4 | 16.4±7.3 | 15.9±7.5 | 0.636 |
| E/A | 2.4±2.6 | 2.0±3.0 | 3.0±2.0 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (n = 122, 70% of all patients) | ||||
| TR- dependent | ||||
| RA diameter (mm) | 65.1±9.2 | 61.4±7.9 | 69.1±9.0 | <0.001 |
| RA area (cm2) | 29.1±10.2 | 24.9±6.9 | 33.9±11.2 | <0.001 |
| RVEDD (mm) | 39.6±7.5 | 36.9±6.2 | 42.8±7.7 | <0.001 |
| RVEDV (ml) | 157.7±111.6 | 131.9±39.2 | 187.6±153.6 | 0.001 |
| RVEF (%) | 52.7±11.0 | 55.2±11.5 | 49.5±9.6 | 0.006 |
| TR-independent | ||||
| LA diameter (mm) | 65.2±9.2 | 62.6±8.3 | 68.0±9.6 | 0.002 |
| LA area (cm2) | 31.2±9.4 | 28.3±7.9 | 34.5±10.1 | <0.001 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 47.6±5.9 | 47.3±6.2 | 47.4±5.4 | 0.238 |
| IVS (mm) | 11.4±2.2 | 11.9±2.3 | 10.9±2.0 | 0.024 |
| LVEDV (ml) | 127.5±46.2 | 130.1±54.4 | 124.4±35.7 | 0.923 |
| LVEF (%) | 63.3±11.2 | 64.3±11.8 | 62.3±10.7 | 0.223 |
| CO (l/min) | 5.3±1.8 | 5.4±2.1 | 5.2±1.6 | 0.985 |
Parameters are listed according to right heart segments versus right heart afterload. Changes in right heart segments are considered consequences of both right heart afterload as well as TR, while parameters of right ventricular afterload are not thought to be influenced by TR.
TR indicates tricuspid regurgitation; RA, right atrium; RVEDD, right ventricular end-diastolic diameter; RV FAC, right ventricular fractional area change; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; LA, left atrium; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; IVS, interventricular septal thickness; E/A, ratio of early to late ventricular filling velocities; E/E’, ratio of transmitral early peak velocity to septal mitral annulus velocity; RVEDV, right ventricular end-diastolic volume; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; CO, cardiac output.