Table 1.

General characteristics of the study population.

Variable	Healthy (n = 11)	aMCI (n = 10)	AD (n = 9)	p Value
Age, years (mean±SD)	80.5±6.3	85.2±4.6	80.8±6.6	0.152
Female, n (%)	6.0 (54.5)	5.0 (50.0)	2.0 (22.2)	0.305
Height, cm (mean±SD)	168.9±9.5	161.0±10.6	172.5±10.7	0.058
Body mass, kg (mean±SD)	67.6±14.0	69.4±10.7	83.9±25.7	0.112
BMI, kg/m2 (mean±SD)	23.5±3.4	26.3±3.7	27.7±6.4	0.130
Education level, years (mean±SD)	15.2±3.0	13.8±2.3	14.6±1.8	0.451
MoCA score, 0–30 (mean±SD)	27.7±1.8	23.3±2.9	16.6±4.5	<0.001*
TMT A, s (mean±SD)	34.8±10.5	54.8±12.9	68.8±25.5	0.001*
TMT B, s (mean±SD)	77.7±32.9	164.3±70.2	278.0±157.5	<0.001*
Cognitive impairment, n (%)**	1.0 (9.1)	7.0 (70.0)	9.0 (100.0)	<0.001*
Depression, n (%)***	1.0 (9.1)	1.0 (10.0)	1.0 (11.1)	0.989
History of fall, n (%)	1.0 (9.1)	5.0 (50.0)	3.0 (33.3)	0.120
Prefrail/frail, n (%)	6.0 (54.5)	8.0 (80.0)	8.0 (88.9)	0.038*

BMI: Body Mass Index

MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment

TMT: Trail-Making Task

aMCI: amnestic mild cognitive impairment

AD: Alzheimer disease

^*p ≤ 0.05

^**According to MoCA score with cut-off of 25 or smaller

^***According to CES-D score with cut-off of 16 or greater