Table 3.
Clinical symptoms and constellations that led to the determination of anti-neuronal antibodies in all 100 patients.
| Symptoms | All patients (100) | NMDAR (53) | Non-NMDAR (24) | Intracellular antigens (23) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epileptic seizures | 14 (14%) | 10 (19%) | 2 (8%) | 2 (8%) |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalitiesa and absent evidence for infectious encephalitis | 13 (13%) | 12 (27%) | 1 (4%) | |
| Abnormal postures or movements | 4 (4%) | 4 (7%) | ||
| Reduced levels of consciousness | 4 (4%) | 4 (7%) | ||
| Aphasia or dysarthria | 3 (3%) | 3 (6%) | ||
| Lack of improvement with antipsychotics | 5 (5%) | 4 (7%) | 1 (4%) | |
| Autonomic instability | 2 (2%) | 2 (4%) | ||
| Suspicious MRI or EEG findings | 10 (10%) | 3 (6%) | 5 (20%) | 2 (8%) |
| Steroid-responsive autoimmune thyroiditis | 3 (3%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (4%) | |
| Lack of improvement with antiepileptic medication | 2 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (4%) | |
| Focal neurological deficits | 3 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) |
| Sensory deficits | 3 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (8%) | |
| Rapidly progressing psychosis | 4 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (4%) |
| Suggested by patients or families | 3 (3%) | 3 (6%) | ||
| Positive effect of ex juvantibus immunotherapy | 2 (2%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | |
| Faciobrachial dystonic seizures | 3 (3%) | 3 (12%) | ||
| Neuromyotonia | 1 (1%) | 1 (4%) | ||
| Cerebellar ataxia | 8 (8%) | 2 (8%) | 6 (26%) | |
| Hyponatremia | 2 (2%) | 2 (8%) | ||
| Paresthesia or malignant tumorb | 7 (7%) | 7 (30%) |
aIncreased white blood cell count or CSF-specific oligoclonal bands.
bSmall-cell lung cancer, testicular seminoma.