Table 1.
Summary of retrospective studies on lymphocytic esophagitis
| Ref. | Number of Patients with Lymphocytic Esophagitis | Gender Distribution n (%) | Mean age1 of patients with LE (yr) | Associated conditions | Treatment |
| Rubio et al[1], 2006 | 20 | Female: 10; Male: 10 | 31.3 Range: (2-28) | Crohn’s disease, asthma, liver cirrhosis, Sclerosing cholangitis | Not available |
| Purdy et al[8], 2008 | 42 | Not Available | 44 Range: (2-81) | Allergies (drug and non-drug), Helicobacter pylori gastritis, Crohn’s disease | Not available |
| Xue et al[12], 2015 | 45 (21 LE-NG) (24 LE-FG) | LE-NG: Female: 15; Male: 7 LE-FG: Female: 15; Male: 9 | LE-NG: 59 ± 12 LE-FG: 65 ± 13 | Motility abnormalities | Not available |
| Putra et al[22], 2016 | 10/22 with nutcracker esophagus 7/33 with ineffective motility 5/14 with diffuse esophageal spasm | Nutcracker esophagus: Female: 11; Male: 11 Ineffective motility: Female: 20; Male: 13 Ineffective motility: Female: 8; Male: 6 | Nutcracker Esophagus: 54 ± 11 Ineffective motility: 56 ± 14 Diffuse spasm: 62 ± 11 | Nutcracker esophagus, ineffective motility, diffuse esophageal spasm | Diltiazem Proton pump inhibitors Botulinum toxin Peppermint Nitroglycerin sublingual |
| Kissiedu et al[17], 2016 | 33 | Female: 6; Male: 27 | 67 ± 10 | Smoking, hyperlipidemia, cryotherapy, radio- frequency ablation, endoscopic mucosal resection | Not available |
| Pasricha et al[14], 2016 | 27 | Female: 17; Male: 10 | 56 ± 16 | IBD, GERD, Barrett’s esophagus, achalasia, drug allergy, asthma, eczema, IBS, cancer, tobacco, alcohol, drug use | Proton pump inhibitors Fluticasone GI cocktail (maalox, donnatal, lidocaine) Prednisone taper |
| Cohen et al[18], 2012 | 81 | Female: 44; Male: 37 | 51 Range: (19-84) | GERD, achalasia, allergies, asthma, eczema, IBD, hypothyroidism, alcohol use, tobacco use | Proton pump inhibitors Anti-tumor necrosis factor agent |
| Basseri et al[25], 2013 | 4/47 patients with IBD | Female: 23; Male: 24 | 39.3 ± 14.6 | GERD, asthma, IBD, diabetes mellitus, celiac disease, smoking, alcohol use | Not available |
| Sutton et al[16], 2014 | 31 | Female: 15; Male: 16 | 8.9 | Crohn’s disease, GERD, Infectious/inflammatory disorders, Polyps/neoplasms, Immune disorders, mechanical disorders, functional abdominal pain | Not available |
| Ebach et al[15], 2011 | Crohn’s and LymphocyticEsophagitis: 17 out of 60 patients with Crohn’s | Crohn’s disease patients: Female: 17; Male: 43 | Crohn’s disease patients: 13.3 Range: (4.7-20.7) | IBD | Not available |
| Haque et al[7], 2012 | 119 | Female: 72; Male: 47 | 63 (Median) | Helicobacter pylori gastritis, celiac disease, duodenal lymphocytosis, Crohn’s disease | Not available |
1
Age expressed as mean ± SD, unless otherwise stated. LE-NG: Lymphocytic esophagitis-no granulocytes; LE-FG: Lymphocytic esophagitis-few granulocytes; IBS: Inflammatory bowel syndrome; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.